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Unit 7 - Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

El definition

A

Powerful and might God

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2
Q

Elohim definition

A

Plural of El, suggesting there are multiple parts to God

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3
Q

El Shaddai definition

A

God almighty

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4
Q

Hashem Tzevaot definition

A

Lord of Hosts

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5
Q

How Orthodox Jews view Torah

A

Torah is literal Word of God and must be followed strictly

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6
Q

How Reform Jews view the Torah

A

Should be interpreted in light of modern life and issues

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7
Q

Characteristics of the Almighty

A

One
Creator
Lawgiver
Judge

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8
Q

How One characteristic is show in faith

A

Shema states that:
-God is the only being to who Jews should offer praise and prayers
God is whole, complete and can’t be described so physical description like Deuteronomy 4:34 aren’t literal

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9
Q

Shema definition

A 
Most important prayer for Jews
Commanded to be prayed in Torah
Recited twice daily 
Consists of Deuteronomy 6:4-9, 11:13-21 and Numbers 15:37-41
Shows God’s one-ness
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10
Q

How Creator characteristic is shown in faith

A

Genesis 2:7 shows how God made man

Genesis 1 and 2 shows how God made the universe

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11
Q

How Lawgiver characteristic is shown in faith

A

Only God has power to rule and judge
Avinu Malkeinu states God as “our father, our king” like a lawgiver
God gave laws through the Torah as guidance to good lives after slavery

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12
Q

Isaiah 33:22

A

“For Hashem is our Judge; Hashem is our Lawgiver; Hashem is our King; He will save us”

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13
Q

Genesis 2:7

A

“And Hashem God formed the man of dust from the ground, and He blew into his nostrils the soil of life; and man became a living being”

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14
Q

How Judge characteristic is shown in faith

A

God judges both moral and ritual laws
Jewish people uphold His laws to keep the covenant
God’s justice is merciful

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15
Q

Importance of God’s characteristic for Jews today

A

Names brings Jews closer together to help understand Him
Daily Shema reinforces belief of God’s unity
Understanding His characteristics helps Jews act justly
Multiple names helps them to understand His complexity

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16
Q

Shekkinah definition

A

“settle or dwell”

refers to divine presence of God in the world

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17
Q

How Jews study and understand their faith and connect to Shekhinah

A

Through the Tenakh
Yeshiva
The Talmud
Rabbi teachings through the ages

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18
Q

Yeshiva definition

A

Jewish school of Talmudic study

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19
Q

Divergence beliefs in study

A

Orthodox yeshiva schools focus on Torah

Hassidic (most strict) Jews reject secular (non-religious) study and focus in textual learning

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20
Q

How Jews connect with Shekhinah

A

Study of Torah
Worship
Prayer

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21
Q

How Jews worship to connect to Shekhinah

A

Exodus 25:8 states they should build a tabernacle which keeps His presence with them

22
Q

How Jews pray to connect to Shekhinah

A

Certain prayers can only be done with Shekhinah like Kaddish and Barachu
Talmud Senhedrin 39a
God is present in response to prayer 2 Chronicles 6, 7:1

23
Q

Messiah definition

A

“anointed one”
the one who will be anointed as king of Israel in Messianic Age
Not found in Torah but mentioned frequently by Jewish prophets

24
Q

Characteristics of Messiah

A 
Political leader
Descendant of King David
Smart in Jewish law
Charismatic, inspiring leader
Great military leader
Righteous judge
Human being
25
Messiahship in Scripture
Bring about redemption spiritually and politically Establish a just worldwide government centre in Israel for everyone Restore religious court systems and establish it as law of the land Rebuild temple and re-establish worship there
26
Orthodox beliefs of Messiah
Messiah has come and is ruling the world
27
Reform beliefs of Messiah
Messianic age is better time of peace and harmony
28
Other beliefs of Messiah
Possibility of Messiah in every generation | There is a set date for Messianic Age or it’ll come when most needed or deserved (Tikkun Olam)
29
General Jewish belief of Messiah
Time of peace with no more hatred, intolerance or war World will recognise only Jewish God as one true God and Judaism as only true religion All Jewish people will return to Israel
30
Jewish definition of covenant
Agreement between God and Jewish people Formed in love and creates important relationship Can only be created and sealed with oath
31
Brit olam definition
everlasting covenant
32
Mount Sinai beliefs
God made covenant with Jewish people but those who didn’t obey were punished Moses was given Decalogue in stone, as well as 613 mitzvots Also given Torah and Talmud Every Jewish soul that would ever be born was at covenant
33
Importance of Torah
Contains Law of covenant Guide for Jewish living today Bound to follow teachings due to covenant Study of Torah forms significant part of Jewish education
34
Importance of Abraham and his covenant
Founder of Judaism Was first given the promised land Role model for Jews as followed God’s orders to keep covenant
35
How covenant affects Jews today
Obeying mitzvots helps fulfil Abrahamic covenant Jewish men still circumcised as symbol of covenant Birth of Isaac shows God’s power to Jews today
36
Exodus 3:8
“A land flowing with milk and honey” | Describes promised land
37
How promised land affects Jews today
Many Jewish laws only can be implemented there Daily Sabbath prayers and festivals hope for return to it Living outside of Israel is viewed as exile by some Jews
38
Why life is holy
Jews are made in image of God Comes from God so is holy Gift from God Son needs to be protected
39
Pikuach Nefesh definition
Preservation of life over any other religious law
40
Why Jews follow Pikuach Nefesh
Teaching found in Torah and Talmud and are obliged to follow it Preserves life as gift from God Important guide to daily life
41
Examples of Pikuach Nefesh
Abortion - only and mandatory when mother’s life is at risk Euthanasia - most disagree but understand when people commit suicide Organ donation - allowed to save a life but only if doesn’t speed up death of donor
42
Importance of moral principles / mitzvots
Commands from God (found in Torah) Form part of Abrahamic covenant Believed that they are judged when they die based on how they followed Mitzvots aids relationships with God and other people
43
Relevance of mitzvots
From God so always relevant Some are outdated and should be seen in light of culture Basis of Sinai covenant and Jewish faith Following mitzvots may bring Messiah sooner (Tikkun Olam) Some Jews use free will to choose what they wish to follow
44
gemilut hasadim definition
``` Acts of loving kindness Includes: Visiting the sick Feeding the hungry Comforting mourners Helping the poor ```
45
Jewish afterlife names
Gan Eden (“eternal heaven”) Gehinnom (“temporary hell / purgatory”) Sheol (common grave for all) Olam Ha-Ba (The World to Come)
46
Ecclesiastes 12:7
“Thus the dust returns to the ground, as it was, and the Spirit returns to God Who gave it” The soul goes to the afterlife or becomes part of Him
47
Why are there little teachings about life after death?
Focuses on life here and now so little reference in Scripture Most teachings formed by Rabbis and prophets over time
48
Jewish beliefs of life after death
Soul is judged by God after death Gan Eden is eternal while Gehinnom is temporary Nearly all Jews believe in resurrection of the dead at the end of the world Olam Ha-Ba comes when Messiah comes
49
Divergent beliefs on life after death
May be judged on solely on belief or may also include action May occur when messiah comes, or may just occur without Messiah
50
Importance of life after death
Jews aim to follow mitzvots to be judged fairly after death | Gives meaning and purpose to life of Jews

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