Unit 7 Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Memory

A

The solution to something you have tried to learn for a long time.

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2
Q

Recall

A

Trying to remember something you have learned about a long time ago with no extra information. (ex: Short answer questions or FRQS)

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3
Q

recognition

A

Picking out an answer with choices right in front of you. (ex: MC)

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4
Q

Encoding

A

Getting info into our brain (sounds of people talking)

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5
Q

storage

A

Remembering the information that is given (ex: math facts)

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6
Q

Retrieval

A

Pushing the information back out (ex: images, events)

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7
Q

Parallel processing

A

Process much of the brain and helps make the brain function

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8
Q

Sensory memory

A

Quick snap of SENSORY info

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9
Q

Iconic

A

Is a visual representation of memory only for ¼ of a second

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10
Q

Echoic

A

Is an auditory representation of memory only for 3-4 seconds

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11
Q

Short-term memory

A

Can remember stuff from 20 seconds ago without any practice.

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12
Q

Long-term memory

A

Has knowledge, skills, and experiences with limited amount of memory but remembers the largest amount of information.

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13
Q

Semantic memory

A

Memory that is made up of true statements, basic knowledge. Ignore details find general information make connections

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14
Q

Episodic memory

A

Memory that is from personal events sometimes a little emotional. (ex: first day of Kindergarten)

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15
Q

Procedural memory

A

Do not have to think much, long term memory when stories happen (ex: writing your name)

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16
Q

Working memory

A

Like short term memory but adds consciousness and adds auditory and visual appeals with info gained from long term to be used during the short term memory

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17
Q

Explicit memory (declarative)

A

Something you want to remember and was push through your mind for some reason (ex: time to meet with someone)

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18
Q

Implicit memory (nondeclarative)

A

Something that you do not want to remember, but you do anyway (ex: falling).

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19
Q

Automatic processing

A

Unconscious info you think about (ex: time, chopping, etc.

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20
Q

Effortful processing

A

Conscious info you think about (ex: new math problem).

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21
Q

Chunking

A

Putting info into smaller chunks so it could make more sense (ex: grocery shopping list)

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22
Q

Mnemonics

A

Helps improve memory by making connections to make little sayings (Ex: acronyms).

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23
Q

Spacing effect

A

Distributing enough time in each of the different areas

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24
Q

Testing effect

A

Rather than just reading, reading, reading, you ask questions, find answers etc.

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25
Deep Processing
Based on the meaning of words tends to be the best option
26
Shallow processing
Encoding on a simple level based on what the words look like.
27
Memory consolidation
is an neural amount from long term memory
28
Hippocampus
Is a neutral center in the limbic system, it processes explicit (conscious) memories and facts.
29
Flashbulb memory
Very emotional, just shocking do not want to do. (ex 3/13)
30
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
Increase makes communication with neurons easier for an equal balance between learning and memory.
31
Priming
Helpful Clues that retrieve memories can happen while Conscious or unconscious. Can be visual, you can smell it, hear it and even taste it.
32
Encoding specificity principle
Clues that sometimes bring up a certain memory most of the time are very helpful.
33
Context dependent memory
Or better known as the environment in which the information learned is recalled at the same location.
34
State-dependent memory
Most of the time gets better results when you are high, drunk, etc if you do it again in that same STATE
35
Mood-congruent memory
Has a constant strain of memories in that mood so if you are happy you will keep having happy memories, and etc.
36
Serial position effect
Most of the first part of the list and last but not the middle.
37
Anterograde amnesia
Can not remember or learn new information
38
Retrograde amnesia
Can not remember things from the past.
39
Proactive interference
New information is interfered with by old information, ex: gym locks can rem fresh lock but not new lock
40
Retroactive interference
Old Information is interfered with by new information can rem new lock but not fresh lock
41
Repression
Unpleasant thoughts are pushed through the unconscious mind and thought about (Ex: abuse).
42
Reconsolidation
Your memory of the event is not based on when it happened but in reality, the last time you told it.
43
Misinformation effect
Happens when you see something bad, and messes with your mind thinking it is something else (ex: stop sign is actually a yield sign).
44
Source amnesia
Most of the is correct except but May get the person wrong who told you (ex: tea spilling but say the wrong person who told you).
45
Déjà vu
Has felt you have experienced something like this before May bring up something from the past.
46
Cognition
Mental parts when it comes to thinking, knowing, remembering, and talking.
47
Concept
A group in your mind that might have identical objects, events, ideas, or people.
48
Prototype
A image in your mind that something similar between them (ex: crow is a bird, but not everyone thinks of a penguin is a bird).
49
Creativity
Can think and make new thoughts.
50
Convergent thinking
Coming down to one single best answer (ex: SAT, AP Psych MC exam).
51
Divergent thinking
Can have many right answers and thinks of things at a different angle (ex: freewriting).
52
Algorithm
Better known as a formula that solves a problem
53
heuristic
Rules of thumb, work through the problem not a right answer
54
Insight
Finding a solution to a problem that is different than you thought.
55
Confirmation bias
Things get in the way of making a choice, sometimes doesn’t want to listen to someone with opposite views
56
Fixation/functional fixedness
To find a different use for a object with a different object
57
Mental set
to respond to a different problem, but tries using the same thing the first time
58
Representativeness heuristic
Thinks something which is not as bad as it seems
59
Availability heuristic
Thinks something about the future and relies on different examples
60
Over confidence
Tries to be more confident than to be right
61
Belief perseverance
till believes something even after someone told you facts | ex: poltics
62
Framing
Asking a question so someone can get an answer they want out of someone.
63
Language
is spoken, written, or can be signed words and put them together to make something.
64
Phoneme
part of the language that is the smallest sound part.
65
morpheme
part of the language that has a meaning, can be a word or part of a word. (Ex: prefix).
66
Grammar
part of the language that has rules that has us talk to people. Also syntax is a set of rules.
67
Babbling stage
Starts around 4 months they utter words normally and sounds other than what is in the house.
68
One-word stage
1-2 year olds in which the speech people speak in one word (ex: juice).
69
two-word stages
2 year olds the stage which you speak in 2 words. (ex: want juice)
70
Telegraphic speech
A child speaks in telegram (ex: want juice now)
71
Aphasia
Damage by the left side, broncos, werenike’s sides.
72
Broca’s area
Is damaged speaking is found in the left hemisphere.
73
Wernicke’s area
Is damaged understanding involves language.
74
orf’s linguistic determinism
: Language controls what we believe and how the world Believes.
75
Linguistic influence
Weaker part that the idea affects our language and our world.