unit 7 (NEEERD)

Question 1

Effects of shirtwaist fire

Answer 1

worker union increased and new inspection laws+fire safety codes

Question 2

what trends defined the progressive era?

Answer 2

rapid urban expansion, severe social and economic inequality, labor strife, changing gender roles

Question 3

What kind of people were progressives

Answer 3

forward thinking businessmen, labor activists, female reformers, social scientists, an anxious middle class

Question 4

Describe the economic and political consolidation of this era.

Answer 4

Rise of wall street bankers and executives

political machines manipulating democracy

managerial control in workplaces

Question 5

What industry experienced a golden age in this era? Describe the trend that caused it.

Answer 5

Farming

Expansion of urban areas = demand for farm goods so families moved to Great Plains, 1+mil claims under Homestead Act which was an increase from past years

Question 6

What did Lewis Hine do?

Answer 6

Photographed child laborers

Question 7

Lincoln Steffens?

Answer 7

“The shame of the cities” - exposed profit from corruption in party bosses and political leaders

Question 8

Ida Tarbell?

Answer 8

“History of the Standard Oil Company” - exposed Rockefeller
s corruption

Question 9

Upton Sinclair? effects of his book?

Answer 9

The Jungle (1906) that described unsanitary slaughterhouses and the sale of raw meat

led to public outrage –> Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act of 1906

Question 10

What did the peak of ‘new immigrants’ in the progressive era lead to?

Answer 10

worldwide process of migration, caused by poverty, illiteracy, high taxes, declining economies, political turmoil

Question 11

Describe ethnic neighborhoods, give an example?

Answer 11

Enclaves of immigrants usually centered around churches

Italian East Harlem of NYC - hated Catholics but participated in the annual festival of the Madonna of Mt. Carmel

Question 12

What did Pennsylvania and Midwest immigrants do and who were they

Answer 12

eastern Europeans = did low wage unskilled labor

Question 13

What did West immigrants do and who were they

Answer 13

mexicans that did agricultural mine railroad work

Question 14

What did mass consumption equal for many Americans?

Answer 14

freedom

Question 15

What limited consumer economy?

Answer 15

Low wages, unequal income distrubution, persistent Southern poverty

Question 16

What was the result of woman entering the urban publics space?

Answer 16

Changing gender roles

Question 17

Charlotte Gilman?

Answer 17

Women and Economics (1898)

woman freedom = workplace and the home = oppression

Question 18

What did immigrant parents think of consumerism?

Answer 18

Hated it, hated that their daughters spent money on frivolous things and fashions

Question 19

What did henry ford establish and what system did he develop? effects of said system?

Answer 19

1905 - Ford Motor Company

(1913) Assembly line –> reduced time to produce cars –> he raises wages and attracts skilled laborers

Question 20

Fordism?

Answer 20

high wages, mass consumption

Question 21

What goods shift happens in this time?

Answer 21

Shift from capital goods (steel, railroad) to consumer goods

Question 22

What’s the american way of life?

Answer 22

personal fulfillment via buying goods

Question 23

What was the result of desires for goods?

Answer 23

workers unionize for higher wagesW

Question 24

What caused a growth in consumer consciousness?

Answer 24

monopolistic corporations raising prices, which many started to protest against

Question 25

What did the maturation of the consumer economy lead to?

Answer 25

the concepts of a living wage american standard of living

Question 26

Father John A. Ryan?

Answer 26

"A living wage" (1906) Ability to participate in the consumer economy was a natural right of an American citizen. This greatly influenced Catholic social thought.