Unit 7 - Psychology of Human Relationships

Question 1

Hellen Fisher 2005
“Attraction as Addiction”

Answer 1

Aim: Prove that romantic love is a neurobiological process similar to drug addiction
Method:
- 10 women, 7 men deeply in love
- Questionaire about feelings/
- fMRI, pictures of loved ones, distraction task, acquaintance
Conclusion: brain mechanisms same as drugs in dopamine pathway

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Oxytocin - Love Hormone
Vassopressin - Stable long term bonding

Question 3

Pheromones

Answer 3

Produced and relased by animals, affect otherse

Question 4

Reciprocity

Answer 4

Social exchange within a relatinahip

Question 5

Familiariity

Answer 5

We like things we see repetitevely

Question 6

Mere-exposure effect

Answer 6

Familiarity
Our liking of something increases if were are exposed

Question 7

Attraction similarity model

Answer 7

We are attracted to those we perceive as similar to us

Question 8

Proximity

Answer 8

Frequency of meeting someone (MEE) and famiiariy have a role in human relationships

Question 9

Social Penetration Theory

Answer 9

As relationship develops over time, exchanges btwn individuals go from shallow to deep

Question 10

Attribution Theory

Answer 10

We understand the behaviour of ourseolbes anmd others by attributing behaviours to causes

Question 11

Gottman 4 Horsemen

Answer 11

He had a laboratory were he investigated relationships, had a theory of why relationships ended based on communication

• Criticism (attack person)
• Contempt (disrespect)
• Defensiveness (play victim)
• Stone walling (withdraw of confersation)

Question 12

Group

Answer 12

2 or moer individuals who perceive themselves as members of a group and group is recognized by someone else

Question 13

Deindiviudalization

Answer 13

Sense of anonymity in a group

Question 14

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 14

People want to join a group that offers them max reward

Question 15

Cooperation

Answer 15

Effective communication
Help each other
Division of labour
All worth & valid

Question 16

Competition

Answer 16

Low to non communication
Individual tasks
SUperiiory complex
Less production
Rejection od Ifeas

Question 17

Realistic group conflict theory (RGCT)

Answer 17

Conflict occurs whenj two groups have oppisng goals and competing for limited reasources

Question 17

Realistic group conflict theory (RGCT)

Answer 17

Conflict occurs when two groups have opposing goals and competing for limited reasources

Question 18

Sherif Robber Caves Experiment

Answer 18

Aim: Prove RGCT, prove 2 hypothesis
- Individuals/ no relationship brought together in a group produce structure, roles and hierarchy
- 2 existing groups brought together under competition conditions will develop hostile attitudes
Method:
- 24 white, low class, protestant, not friends
- 3 stages:
1. place in two groups, bonding for days
2. Competition scenario (tug of war) for a prize, rgct was likely
3. Work towards a common goal, lower RGCT
Conclusion: Prove RGCT

Question 19

Stereotype

Answer 19

Generalizations applied to groups of people used by individuals to make sense

Question 20

Prejudice

Answer 20

Pre exsiting attitude towards an. individual or group of people

Question 21

Discrmination

Answer 21

UNFAIR treatment towatds another group based upon groups membership

Question 22

Racism

Answer 22

Form of discrimination, advantages to ingroup and disadvantages/harm to outgroup classified by race

Question 23

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 23

Reseachers to reflect in their biases

Question 24

Male Warrior Hypothesis

Answer 24

Men possess psychological traits that predispose to act aggressively to protect reproductive resources (women)

Question 25

Prosocial Behaviour

Answer 25

ay behviour that benefits others motivated by a genuine desire to help

Question 26

Altruism

Answer 26

A form of prosocial behaviour, when promoting someone else welfare even at the cost of ourselves

Question 27

Altruism

Answer 27

A form of prosocial behaviour, when promoting someone else welfare even at the cost of ourselves

Question 28

Reciprocal Altruism Hypothesis

Answer 28

Altruism is base in terms of evolution, we risk our lives as a survival mechanism to protect our genes

Question 29

Kin Selection Theory

Answer 29

An evolutionary explanation for PS B, a selfish gene encoded to save gene. Components: genetic similarity, inclusive fitness, proximity

Question 30

Empathy Altruism

Answer 30

People act out of a genuine desire of helping, expecting no reward back Components: Negative state relief - empathy

Question 31

Bystanderism

Answer 31

Individual less likely to help in an emergency situations because there are more bystanders being expected to help

Question 32

Factors affecting bystanderism

Answer 32

Diffusion of Responsability - Someone else will act Ambiguity of Situation - unaware of emergency, fear to misread Group Inhibition - look around to help interpret Informative Social Influence - acting in conformance to group Normative social Influence - acting to group norms