Unit 7.2-Personality Flashcards
(40 cards)
Issues in Personality Theory
-Equilibrium or growth?
-Uniqueness or universality?
-Optimism or pessimism?
-Past or present/future?
-Nature or nurture?
(POUNE)
Personality perspectives
-Psychodynamic
-Humanistic
-Trait
-Social-cognitive
Freud’s Iceberg Theory
- Ego (Top)
- Superego (Middle)
- Id (Bottom)
Hans and Eyseneck
2 Personality Perspectives
-Introversion vs. Extroversion
-Neuroticism vs. Stability
What is the denial d.m?
-Refusal to accept reality or facts
-Block external circumstances or events from the mind to not deal with emotion
What is the repression d.m?
-Instead of facing thoughts, people may unconsciously hide them in an attempt to forget them
-May still influence behavior and impact future relationships
What is the projection d.m?
-Missatributing feelings to other people
What is the displacement d.m?
-Directing strong emotions and feelings toward an unthreatening object/person
^Allows for impulse to react w/o significant consequences
What is the regression d.m?
-May unconsciously “escape” to an earlier stage in development
What is the rationalization d.m?
-Attempting to explain undesirable behaviors with their own set of “facts”
^Allows you to feel comfortable with chosen decision
What is the sublimation d.m?
-Redirecting strong emotions and feelings into an object/activity that is appropriate and safe
What is the reaction formation d.m?
-People recognize how they feel, but they choose to act in an opposite manner of their instincts
What is the compartmentalization d.m?
-Seperating your life into independent sectors to feel like your protecting aspects of it
What is the intellectualization d.m?
-Removing all emotion from your responses and focus on quantitative facts
What is the id?
-The id is your animalistic and most basic instincts
-Located in your unconscious (largely unaware of it)
-Id works on the pleasure principle: The notion that your sole objective is to strive for pleasure and avoid pain
What is the ego?
-The ego is the boss or executive part of your personality
-Located in the conscious (part of our personality that we are aware of and everyone sees
-Its job: To satisfy the id while understanding the limitations of the environment
-Ego works on the reality principle: How to function in the real world
-Mediater between superego and id
What is the superego?
-The superego is the part of our personality that develops last
-Located in the preconscious
-Superego is responsible for our morals and the sense of right vs. wrong
-Develops around the age of 9
-Learned from parents, peers, and TV
Freud’s Methods of Exploring the Unconscious
- Dream Interpretation: Manifest vs. Latent Content
- Hypnosis: State of heightened suggestibility
- Free association: Asked to freely share thoughts, random words, and anything else that comes to mind
Freudian Slip
-Verbal mistake that is believed to be linked to the unconscious mind
Problems with Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Development doesn’t stop in childhood
Few objective observations and hypotheses
Fails to predict behaviors and traits
Modern research contradicts repression Little proof of defense mechanisms except for…
a.) Reaction formation
b.) Projection (False consensus effect)
Thematic Apperception Test-TAT (Projection Test)
Shown ambiguous pictures and asked to make up stories about them
Allows person to project feelings and interests onto picture
Rorschach Inkblot Test (Projective Tests)
-Shown various ambiguous inkblots and asked to describe what they see
-Analyze responses to understand a person’s inner feelings, thoughts, and issues
Carl Yung
Collective Unconscious→Common to all humans; a “reservoir of the experiences of our species”
Alfred Adler
Inferiority Complex→ Compensate for feelings of worthlessness by acting superior
