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unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

epigenetics

A

study of environmental influence on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

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2
Q

DSM-5

A

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; widely used system to classify psychological disorders

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3
Q

phobia

A

anxiety disorder - persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

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4
Q

obsession

A

repetitive thoughts

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5
Q

compulsion

A

repetitive behaviors/actions

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6
Q

mania

A

hyperactive, very optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

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7
Q

rumination

A

compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

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8
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences - seeing/hearing things that aren’t there

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9
Q

delusions

A

false belief, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

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10
Q

flat affect

A

state with no apparent feeling

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11
Q

conversion disorder

A

related to somatic symptom disorder where someone experiences specific physical symptoms with seemingly no explanation

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12
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

related to somatic symptom disorder where the person thinks normal physical sensations are symptoms of a disease

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13
Q

fugue state

A

sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often a response of an overwhelming stressful situation

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14
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

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15
Q

psychotherapy

A

a planned, emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained, socially sanctioned healer and a sufferer

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16
Q

eclectic approach

A

approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

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17
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

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18
Q

free association

A

client spontaneously reports thoughts, feelings, and mental images that come to mind (no censorship)

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19
Q

resistance

A

blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

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20
Q

interpretation

A

analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

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21
Q

trasference

A

patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

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22
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, seeks self-insight

23
Q

insight therapies

A

aim to improve psychological function by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

24
Q

client-centered therapy (person-centered)

A

active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

25
active listening
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
26
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that was thought to help client develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
27
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
28
counterconditioning
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
29
exposure therapies
behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
30
systematic desensitization
an exposure therapy that associated a pleasant related state with gradually increasing stimuli that is anxiety-inducing
31
virtual reality exposure therapy
counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations
32
aversive conditioning
counterconditioning type that associates an unpleasant state with unwanted behavior
33
token economy
operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange them for treats
34
cognitive therapy
based on assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
35
rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
confrontational cognitive therapy, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
36
cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy
37
group therapy
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction
38
family therapy
therapy that treats people in the context of their family system - views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
39
meta-analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
40
evidence-based practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preference
41
therapeutic alliance
bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem
42
psychopharmacology
study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
43
antipsychotics
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
44
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs
45
antianxiety drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
46
antidpressant drugs
drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD
47
neurogenesis
birth of new brain cells
48
lithium
a slat that effectively levels the emotional highs and lows of this disorder
49
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
50
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
51
psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
52
lobotomy
psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients - cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling parts of the inner brain
53
resilience
personal strength that helps most people come with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
54
posttraumatic growth
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis

ap psych (2 decks)

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