Unit 8

Question 1

group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

Answer 1

population

Question 2

community of organisms in an area and the physical factors in which they interact

Answer 2

ecosystem

Question 3

emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment

Answer 3

ecosystem ecology

Question 4

temperature precipitation sunlight and wind

Answer 4

climate

Question 5

sedimentary rocks, oceans, organisms

Answer 5

phosphorus reservoirs

Question 6

ATP, nucleic acids, phospholipids

Answer 6

phosphorus biological importance

Question 7

weathering of rock, leaching into groundwater, uptake by plants

Answer 7

phosphorus cycle

Question 8

N2 to NH3 (plants take the nitrogen in)

Answer 8

nitrogen fixation

Question 9

less moisture because the clouds get stuck on the ocean side of the mountains

Answer 9

rain shadow effect leeward side is desert

Question 10

major life zones characterized by type of vegetation or physical environment

Answer 10

biome

Question 11

NH4 to NO2 and NO3 (this is done by soil bacteria) plants can then use the nitrates

Answer 11

nitrification

Question 12

rainy winters and dry summers, coastal regions

Answer 12

chaparral

Question 13

interior of continents, cold winters and hot summers, mid latitude

Answer 13

temperate grassland

Question 14

where light can penetrate into the water

Answer 14

photic zone

Question 15

sediment at the bottom of the pelagic zone

Answer 15

benthic zonce

Question 16

support the most fish and marine invertebrates

Answer 16

estuaries/ wetlands

Question 17

oxygen depleted, lots of algae body of water, no many animals

Answer 17

eutrophic lakes

Question 18

NO3 to N2 (from soil back into the atmosphere as a gas)

Answer 18

denitrification

Question 19

waste products are decomposed by microorganisms to make NH3

Answer 19

ammonification

Question 20

near the equator, seasonal precipitation, grasses and forbs, drought tolerant plants

Answer 20

savanna

Question 21

movement of individuals or gametes away from their area of origin or center or high population density

Answer 21

dispersal

Question 22

depicts the alive population at each life cohort

Answer 22

survivorship curve

Question 23

ideal conditions, food is abundant, all individuals reproduce at capacity

Answer 23

exponential population growth

Question 24

maximum population size a particular environment can support given its abundance of limiting resources

Answer 24

carrying capacity (K)

Question 25

per capita rate of growth reaches zero as the population reaches carrying capacity, this is where resources are limited (S shape)

Answer 25

logistic population growth

Question 26

camouflage, tactic used to blend into the environment

Answer 26

cryptic coloration

Question 27

displaying bright colors to mimic a poisonous animal

Answer 27

aposematic coloration

Question 28

a harmless species mimics one that IS harmful

Answer 28

batesian mimicry

Question 29

different species in an area compete but split up their areas and have their own special adaptation

Answer 29

resource partitioning

Question 30

traits that are advantageous in high densities

Answer 30

K-selected

Question 31

traits that are advantageous in low densities

Answer 31

r-selected

Question 32

adding organisms like plants and fungi to remove toxins

Answer 32

bioremediation

Question 33

introducing organisms to add essential nutrients to degraded organisms

Answer 33

biological augmentation

Question 34

one organism is benefited one is neutral (ex: whales dont care abt the baracles on them)

Answer 34

commensalism

Question 35

life is restored in a lifeless area after a major disturbance such as a volcano or a retreating glacier

Answer 35

primary succession

Question 36

life restored in an area where most organisms are gone (life after a forest fire)

Answer 36

secondary succession

Question 37

exert strong control over their community bc they have a pivotal role (not because there are a lot of this species)

Answer 37

keystone species

Question 38

predators control herbivore populations which control plant population

Answer 38

top-down model

Question 39

pathogens transferred from animals into humans

Answer 39

zoonotic pathogen

Question 40

sequence of unlearned acts linked directly to a simple stimulus

Answer 40

fixed action pattern

Question 41

external cue that causes a fixed action pattern

Answer 41

sign stimulus

Question 42

animals experience a stimuli that causes them to move to a further location

Answer 42

migration

Question 43

internal mechanism that maintains a 24 hr activity cycle

Answer 43

circadian rhythm

Question 44

stimulus that is transmitted from one organism to another

Answer 44

signal

Question 45

animals communicate through odors or tastes from chemicals

Answer 45

pheromones

Question 46

behavior that is developmentally fixed and every individual does it

Answer 46

innate behavior

Question 47

placing the young from one species into the care from another species

Answer 47

cross-fostering study

Question 50

internal idea of where objects are in an animals surroundings

Answer 50

cognitive map

Question 51

gene that dictates how far a fly will travel to look for food

Answer 51

forR allele

Question 52

associating a feature of their environment with another (ex: associate a color of butterfly with bad flavor)

Answer 52

associative learning

Question 53

mates form a relationship with none male and one female for a duration

Answer 53

monogamous species

Question 54

an individual of one sex mates with several individuals of the other sex

Answer 54

polygamous relationship

Question 55

competition between individuals to see who gets access to the resource

Answer 55

agonistic behavior

Question 56

reducing your own fitness in order to help the fitness of another (selflessness)

Answer 56

altruism

Question 57

total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing offspring and helping other close relatives produce offspring

Answer 57

inclusive fitness