Unit 8 Flashcards
(21 cards)
1
Q
crude oil
A
- formed underground over millions of years
- ## made from hydrocarbons (mostly alkanes)
2
Q
fractional distillation column
A
hotter at the bottom and cooler as you go up
3
Q
longer hydrocarbons
A
- higher boiling points
- drain out of the column as liquids at the bottom
- liquids at room temperature
- high viscosity
4
Q
shorter hydrocarbons
A
- lower boiling points
- near the top of the column
- gases at room temperature
- low viscosity
5
Q
alkanes formula
A
Cn +H2n+2
6
Q
complete combustion
A
hydrocarbon + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water
7
Q
volcanos
A
- volcanos erupted releasing gases from inside the earth
- mainly carbon dioxide, steam, methane, ammonia
- then the water vapour condensed to form oceans
8
Q
plants
A
- nitrogen gas entered atmopshere
- plants removed co2 and added o2
- co2 got locked up in fossil fuels and rocks
9
Q
ozone layer
A
- build up of oxygen killed off animals
- but more complex organisms evolved
- oxygen created ozone layer which blocked the sun
10
Q
chloride
A
white precipitate
11
Q
bromide
A
cream precipitate
12
Q
iodide
A
yellow precipitate
13
Q
test for halide ions
A
add dilute nitric acid and then silver nitrate solution
14
Q
test for carbonates
A
add dilute acid and test through limewater to see carbon dioxide
15
Q
test for sulfate ions
A
add hydrochloric acid and add barium chloride solution
16
Q
alkenes
A
- C=C functional group
- CnH2n
- unsaturated
17
Q
natural polymers
A
- DNA
- amino acid
- carbohydrates
18
Q
disposal of polymers in landfill sites
A
- difficult and expensive to recycle
- valuable land is used quickly
- non biodegradable
19
Q
disposal of polymers by combustion
A
- toxic gases can be released
- co2 is produced
20
Q
alcohols
A
- Cn H2n+1 OH
- OH functional group
21
Q
carboxylic acids
A
- alcohols are oxidised
- COOH functional group
- Cn-1 H2n-1
