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BEHP 5012 > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

A well planned and comprehensive functional assessment should lead directly to….

A

An individual behavior intervention plan that is highly likely to be effective.

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2
Q

Functional assessment

A

A type of behavioral assessment used to determine functional relations between challenging behaviors and environmental events.

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3
Q

Functional Assessment Methods

3 General Methodologies

A
  1. Preliminary Indirect Assessment
  2. Descriptive Assessment
    - –Direct Naturalistic Observation
  3. Functional Analysis
    - –Systematic Manipulations
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4
Q

Functional assessment is also known as

A

Functional behavioral assessment

- Abbreviated: FBA

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5
Q

Descriptive assessment is also known

as

A

Direct descriptive functional

assessment and as descriptive analysis

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6
Q

Functional analysis is also known as

A

Experimental analysis

Abbreviated: FA

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7
Q

Preliminary Indirect Assessment

Review Consists of

A

Interviews and rating scales

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8
Q

Preliminary Indirect Assessment

Review: ___ band focus and ___ fidelity.

A

Broad band focus, but low fidelity

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9
Q

Preliminary Indirect Assessment

Review helps with the decision of…

A

Whether or not to continue with case and helps in planning further assessment.

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10
Q

Descriptive Assessment Consists of…

A

Direct observation of
behavior and environmental events
in real-life contexts

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11
Q

Descriptive Assessment: ___ band focus and ___ fidelity.

A

Medium band focus and medium fidelity.

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12
Q

Descriptive Assessment leads to…

A

Hypotheses regarding
functional relations and how, where,
and with whom to intervene.

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13
Q

Structured Assessment: Also called….

A

An A-B functional analysis

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14
Q

Structured Assessment consists of

A

Manipulation of antecedent events in natural settings.

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15
Q

Structured Assessment: ___ band focus and ___ fidelity.

A

Mid-Narrow band focus and medium fidelity.

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16
Q

Structured Assessments may identify

A

Antecedent that evoke the challenging target behavior.

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17
Q

Functional Analysis consists of…

A

Systematic manipulations
of environmental events and
observation of target behavior in a
controlled setting.

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18
Q

Functional Analysis: ___ band focus and ___ fidelity.

A

Narrow band focus and high fidelity.

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19
Q

Functional Analysis may determine

A

Actual functional relations and lead to effective treatment.

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20
Q

Reasons for Descriptive Assessment: Generate….

A

Hypothesis about functional relations.

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21
Q

Reasons for Descriptive Assessment: Identify…

A

Idiosyncratic forms of motivating and reinforcing events.

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22
Q

Reasons for Descriptive Assessment: Design…

A

Experimental FA conditions that more closely represent natural conditions.

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23
Q

Reasons for Descriptive Assessment: Estimate…

A

Natural schedules of reinforcement maintaining problem behavior.

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24
Q

Reasons for Descriptive Assessment: Interpret…

A

The results of experimental FA methods.

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25
Descriptive Assessment Procedures
- Scatterplot analysis - Narrative recording - ABC data collection - Data collection of target behavior under different contexts/conditions.
26
Identify the reason for the development of Scatterplot
Touchette, MacDonald, & Langer (1985) developed scatterplot as a practical means for direct-care staff to collect data across an entire day or shift
27
A scatterplot provides...
A graphic display of data in a grid format.
28
A scatterplot is used to...
Identify patterns of responding in natural settings.
29
A Scatterplot plots ____ as a ____ of:
Plots occurrence of a target behavior as a function of time, context, and activities.
30
4 Steps of Using a Scatterplot
1. Break vertical axis into time intervals corresponding with activity schedule 2. Break horizontal axis into successive days 3. Decide whether to use occurrence vs. nonoccurrence per given interval or to use 3 discrete categories (e.g. 0, low, and high) 4. Recording is done at the end of each interval
31
Interpreting Scatterplot Data
``` Find out what differs in times when behavior occur most versus least (e.g. setting, activity, staff, EOs) Find out similarities in times when behavior occur about the same ```
32
Narrative Recording is also known as...
Anecdotal Observation
33
Narrative Recording: Observer produces....
A written narrative of an individual's responses throughout a specific period of time and a description of the environmental condition under which the responses were emitted.
34
Narrative Recording and ABC Charting
``` Narrative ABC Charting is a variation on narrative recording Both are ways to identify topographies of target behavior Allows one to start to identify idiosyncratic antecedents and consequences ```
35
ABC Data Collection
Pre-selected and defined target behaviors, antecedents and consequences.
36
ABC Data Collection: Data collection form allows for...
Coding or checking antecedent(s), target | behavior(s), and consequences.
37
Data Collection Across Conditions
Data collection of target behavior(s) under different contexts and environmental conditions without systematic manipulation
38
Data Collection Across Conditions: Provides data on...
Differential probability of the occurrence of the target behavior under different contexts/conditions
39
Data Collection Across Conditions: What you get
``` Even though the method is purely correlational, it allows one to try to identify, or at least hypothesize, the reinforcement contingencies likely to control the occurrence of the target behavior. ```
40
Data Collection Across Conditions: Remember to complete....
Four-term contingency
41
Pattern Analysis
A systematic presentation and/or examination of information or data regarding the target behavior and its conditions.
42
Pattern Analysis: Facilitates...
``` Facilitates the identification of specific types of variations in the occurrence of the target behavior within relevant time frames and potential stimulus conditions. ```
43
Scatterplot data may be summarized by way of...
A pattern analysis
44
Sequence Analysis
``` A systematic presentation and examination of information or data regarding target behavior and its stimulus conditions in an A-B-C format ```
45
A Sequence Analysis is done after...
Doing narrative recording and/or ABC data collection.
46
____ may provide the most valid assessment.
A combination of methodologies
47
Threats to External Validity in FBA:
```  Differences between the conditions of assessment and the client’s natural environment.  These differences may alter the functional properties of motivating and reinforcing events compromise external validity. ```
48
Threats to Internal Validity in FBA:
Events that can co-occur with the independent variable that could account for the findings
49
External Validity in FBA:
 Do the findings hold true across variations in motivating and reinforcement conditions?  Do the findings hold true across time?
50
Internal Validity in FBA:
```  Establish that problem behavior is a function of specific motivating and maintaining events ```
51
Validity and Descriptive Assessment
Internal validity is low. External validity - If done correctly, descriptive assessment takes into account actual motivating operations and the context under which behavior occurs
52
Validity may be strengthened in Descriptive assessment by...
Doing an A-B Analysis
53
Preliminary Indirect Assessment - Likely Degree of External Validity
Low to medium
54
Descriptive Assessment - Likely Degree of External Validity
Medium to high
55
Structured Descriptive Assessment (antecedent manipulation only) - Likely Degree of External Validity
Medium to high
56
Functional Analysis (antecedent and consequence manipulation) - Likely Degree of External Validity
Low to medium
57
Preliminary Indirect Assessment - Likely Degree of Internal Validity
Very low
58
Descriptive Assessment - Likely Degree of Internal Validity
Low
59
Structured Descriptive Assessment (antecedent manipulation only) - Likely Degree of Internal Validity
Low to medium, depending on plausible alternative accounts
60
Likely Degree of Internal Validity
Medium to high, if differential responding obtained
61
Validity and Functional Analysis
- Internal validity for direct, experimental methods is good - External validity is dependent on differences between the assessment and natural conditions
62
Descriptive Assessment or Functional Analysis (FA)?
``` Even though FA has greater internal validity and research evidence demonstrating its effectiveness in assessment, it may lack external validity and may fail to take into account the context under which behavior occurs. ```
63
Do ____, if at all feasible.
Both descriptive assessment and functional analysis. Do not rely on one method and look for convergence.
64
Note the ___ and ___ for which there is strong research evidence about the effectiveness of ____.
Note the types of problems and populations for which there is strong research evidence about the effectiveness of FA…
65
A scatterplot has ____ on rows and ___ on columns.
Times on rows and days on columns.
66
It would be best practice to conduct a scatterplot analysis before/after....
Before conducting an experimental FBA.

BEHP 5012 (7 decks)

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