Unit 8 Quiz 1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is an organic compound?
Carbon based molecules
What are the three major types of structures?
Long Chains, Branched chains, and Rings.
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen.
How do the shapes of the hydrocarbons relate to their properties?
The different shapes result in different properties.
What are the 5 functional groups important to?
They are important to the chemistry of life.
Why are the 5 functional groups polar?
They are polar because of the electronegativity of oxygen or nitrogen.
What does the polarity of the 5 functional groups cause?
It causes them to be hydrophilic and therefore water soluble.
What are the 5 functional groups?
Hydroxyl group, Carbonyl group, Carboxyl group, Amino group, and Phosphate group.
What are the major elements of living organisms?
C, H, N, O, P, S
What are macromolecules?
Biomolecules that are very large.
What are monomers?
The smaller building blocks of macromolecules.
What is a polymer?
A chain of monomers.
How many polymers do living organisms make?
Over a trillion different polymers.
How many monomers make over a trillion polymers?
About 50 monomers.
How are different polymers created?
They are created from the placement of the monomers.
What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
The process in which cells link monomers together to form polymers.
How would a glucose molecule bond with another glucose molecule?
They will lose a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a Hydrogen (H) atom and a covalent bond will form between the C on one glucose molecule and the O on the other.
What is hydrolysis?
The process in which polymers break down into monomers.
What happens during hydrolysis?
Water is added to the chain; a (H) is added to one monomer and a (-OH) to the other and the covalent bond between C and O is broken.
What are saturated hydrocarbons?
hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
What is unique about saturated hydrocarbons?
They are the simplest class of hydrocarbons.
Why are they called hydrocarbons?
Because each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons that contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms.
What are carbohydrates made of?
They are made up of sugar molecules which contain the elements C, H, and O.
