Unit 8 Quiz 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are lipids?
Nonpolar molecules that are not attracted to water - hydrophobic. This is why oil and water do not mix.
What is fat?
A large lipid made from glycerol and fatty acids.
What is saturated fat?
A fat in which all three fatty acid chains have single bonds allowing for a maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
What are sources of saturated fat?
Butter and lard.
What is unsaturated fat?
A fat in which one or more fatty acid chain has one or more double bonds.
What are the sources of unsaturated fat?
Olive oil, vegetable oils, and fish oils.
What is the function of fat?
Energy storage, insulation, and cushions organs
What are some fat monomer examples?
Fatty acid and glycerol
What are phospholipids?
They are similar to fats but contain phosphorus and have only two fatty acids. They are also a major component of cell membranes.
What is unique about phospholipids?
They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails and form the bilayer of cell membranes.
How do phospholipids react with water?
The heads interact with water on the inside and outside of the cell while the tails point inward giving the membrane its selective permeability.
Describe waxes.
They consist of one fatty acid linked to a long chain alcohol. They are more hydrophobic than fats which make them effective coatings for fruits, plants and insects.
Describe steroids.
Carbon skeleton forms four fused rings. All steroids have this pattern.
How is cholesterol important?
important in the cell membrane, testosterone, and estrogen.
What are nucleic acids?
polymers that serve as the blueprints for proteins.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, it contains genes that sequence amino acids to code for proteins. It is a double strand.
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid, it copies information from DNA and translates it into protein structure. It is a single strand.
What is a nucleotide?
The monomer that makes up nucleic acids. Made up of three parts: a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
What is polynucleotide?
It form from monomers by dehydration synthesis reactions. The phosphate group of one nucleotide bonds to the sugar (hydroxyl) of the next monomer.
What is a nitrogen base?
A nitrogen containing base in two forms: purines and pyrimidines.
How does dehydration synthesis looks like in nucleotide?
The hydroxyl groups on the sugar and the phosphate react to lose a water molecule.
