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Science > Unit 8: Technology > Flashcards

Unit 8: Technology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Deformation

A

Change shape

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2
Q

Elastic deformation

A

Temporary change in the shape or size of the material; when constraint (force) is removed, the material returns back to its original shape

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3
Q

Plastic deformation

A

Permanent change in the shape or size of the material; deforms and stays deformed

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4
Q

Fracture

A

Material breaks

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5
Q

Constraint

A

Effect of external forces on object

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6
Q

Compression

A

Pushing together; crushing

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7
Q

Tension

A

Stretching

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8
Q

Torsion

A

Twisting

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9
Q

Deflection

A

Bending

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10
Q

Shearing

A

Cutting

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11
Q

Mechanical property

A

How a material resists force; how a material reacts when subjected to constraint

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12
Q

Compressive strength

A

Resists compression (pushing together)

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13
Q

Tensile strength

A

Resists tension (Stretching)

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14
Q

Shear strength

A

Resists shearing (cutting)

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15
Q

Ductility

A

Metal stretching into wire without breaking during manufacturing process; deforms under tension (stretching)

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16
Q

Malleability

A

Metal that flattens into sheet or bends without breaking during manufacturing process); deforms under compression; deforms under compression

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17
Q

Hardness

A

Resists being scratched or deformed

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18
Q

Plasticity

A

Does not return to its original shape after the stress (force)

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19
Q

Stiffness

A

Retain its initial shape when subject to a force

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20
Q

Toughness

A

Absorbs energy and plastically (permanently) deforms without fracturing

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21
Q

Resilience

A

Resists shocks without breaking, often by deforming and returning to its original shape (elastically)

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22
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

How well it conducts electricity; Ability to carry electric current

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23
Q

Thermal conductivity

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A

How well it conducts heat; ability to transmit heat; facilitates the transfer of thermal energy

24
Q

Heat resistance

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A

How well it resists heat; ability to resist heat; inhibits the transfer of thermal energy

25
Chemical neutrality
Ability to be chemically inactive; resist chemical reaction with substances
26
Resistance to corrosion
Ability to resists the effects of corrosive substances; prevent formation of rust
27
Lightness
Low-density materials
28
Degradation
When material breaks down, due to effects of environment, causing them to lose their properties (e.g. compressive strength, ductility)
29
Protection
Anything (typically protective coating) used to protect material to slow down or prevent degradation
30
All woods are _ conductor of _ and _ (Except when they are _)
Poor, heat, electricity, wet
31
Engineered wood (modified wood)
Made from sheets or pieces of wood stuck together with glue
32
Wood can be destroyed by _,_, and _.
Fungus, insects,water
33
Wood is protected using _ treatments and _ treatments.
Pesticide, heat
34
Property of metals
- shiny - high heat and electrical conductivity
35
Metals are extracted from _ by _.
Rock, mining
36
Most metal objects are _, which contain a mixture of _.
Alloys, metal
37
Metal _ when they react with oxygen and water.
Rust
38
Protection of metal
- phosphates - painting - covering with grease
39
Ceramics
- made of inorganic materials - produced by heating and cooling of the inorganic substances
40
Properties of ceramic
- hard - brittle (can break) - low thermal conductivity - low electrical conductivity - waterproof (ceramic tiles) - good thermal insulator
41
Degradation of ceramic
1. Acids and bases (may etch ceramics) 2. Physical and thermal shocks (may shatter ceramics)
42
Protection of ceramics
- proper storage (low humidity) - chemicals (lie Pyrex) - cannot protect after objet is built
43
Plastic is a material, often made from _ , that can be shaped and molded when _.
Petroleum, heated
44
Two types of plastics are _ and _
Thermoplastics, thermosets
45
Thermoplastic
Once they are formed, they can soften and melt if enough heat is applied
46
thermosets
Once they are formed, they do not soften or melt no matter how much heat is applied
47
Properties of plastic
- poor conductor of heat and elaecricity - thermosets are harder and more heat resistant than thermoplastics - thermosets are difficult or impossible to recycle
48
Plastic can be degraded by _ , _, _.
Ultraviolet rays, oxidation, penetration by liquid
49
Protection for plastic include _, _, _.
- waterproof coating, antioxidants, UV absorbing pigments
50
Composite is a material made from _ materials.
Two or more
51
Properties of composite are _ to properties of individual materials and can be _ to have desired properties
Superior, engineered
52
_ material + _ material = composite
Matrix, reinforcement
53
Composites degrade if component materials _ or if the _ between the components weakens.
Degrade, connection
54
Properties of ceramics are (1) electrical conductivity, (2) thermal conductivity, (3) hardness, (4) elasticity, (5) chemical neutrality, (6) stiffness, (7) heat resistance, (8) corrosion resistance, and (9) resilience
1. Low or no 2. Variable 3. Very high 4. No 5. High 6. Very high 7. Very high 8. High 9. Low
55
Properties of thermoplastics are (1) electrical conductivity, (2) thermal conductivity, (3) hardness, (4) elasticity, (5) chemical neutrality, (6) stiffness, (7) heat resistance, (8) corrosion resistance, and (9) resilience
1. No 2. Low 3. Variable 4. High 5. High 6. Variable 7. Variable 8. High 9. High
56
Properties of thermosettingplastic are (1) electrical conductivity, (2) thermal conductivity, (3) hardness, (4) elasticity, (5) chemical neutrality, (6) stiffness, (7) heat resistance, (8) corrosion resistance, and (9) resilience
1. No 2. Variable 3. High 4. Variable 5. Variable 6. High 7. High 8. High 9. High

Science (3 decks)

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