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Histology > Unit 9 - Head and Neck Structures > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Head and Neck Structures Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Type of gland that makes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk and releases them onto the surface of the body

A

Exocrine gland

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2
Q

Type of gland that releases hormones directly into the body

A

Endocrine gland

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3
Q

Biological anatomy that divdes between two cavities

A

Septum

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4
Q

The inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine

A

Lumen

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5
Q

Dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

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6
Q

A general term for a sore, inflammed mouth

A

Stomatitis

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7
Q

What kind of tissue does a salivary gland consist of?

A

Epithelial and connective

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8
Q

The flow rate of saliva is approximaly how much per minute?

A

1 mL/minute

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9
Q

The flow rate of saliva is approximately how much per day?

A

640 mL/day

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10
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • Lubricates keeping tissues moist
  • Cleanses away food particles
  • Buffers away acids
  • Aids in digestion
  • Aids in remineralization of enamel
  • Defends against disease
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11
Q

Are any salivary glands purely serous?

A

No

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12
Q

Major salivary glands empty saliva into the oral cavity via ____ ducts

A

Named

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13
Q

Minor salivary glands empty saliva into the oral cavity via ____ ducts

A

Unnamed

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14
Q

Secretion high in protein and low in carbohydrates that aid in digestion

A

Serous

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15
Q

Secretion low in protein and high in carbohydrates

A

Mucous

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16
Q

Sectretion containing mucoserous deilunes secreting a combination of mucous and serous saliva

A

Mucoserous

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17
Q

What type of salivary glands supplies 85-90% of the anterior region?

A

Major salivary glands

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18
Q

What percentage of saliva does the submandibular gland produce?

A

60-65%

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19
Q

What duct goes with the submandibular gland?

A

Wharton’s duct

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20
Q

What type of saliva does the submandibular gland produce?

A

Mixed

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21
Q

What gland produces 25% of saliva?

A

Parotid

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22
Q

What type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?

A

Mostly serous

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23
Q

What duct goes with the parotid gland?

A

Stenson’s duct

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24
Q

What gland produces 10% of saliva?

A

Sublingual

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25
What type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce?
Mostly mucous
26
What duct goes with the sublingual gland?
Bartholin's duct
27
Which salivary duct secretes the enzyme amylase which aids in digestion?
Parotid
28
What are the seven minor salivary glands?
Buccal Labial Palatine Glossopalatine Lingual Mid Tongue Posterior Tongue
29
What type of saliva does the buccal salivary gland produce?
Mixed
30
What type of saliva does the labial salivary gland produce?
Mixed
31
What type of saliva does the palatine salivary gland produce?
Mucous
32
What type of saliva does the glossopalatine salivary gland produce?
Mucous
33
What type of saliva does the lingual salivary gland produce?
Mixed
34
What type of saliva does the mid tongue salivary gland produce?
Serous
35
What type of saliva does the posterior tongue salivary gland produce?
Mucous
36
Glands found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on the doral surface of the tongue. The secrete a purely serous fluid. They also facilitate the perception of taste through sectrion of digestive enzymes and proteins.
Von Ebner's Gland
37
What houses and supports blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Connective tissue
38
A terminal secretory end-piece
Acinus
39
Acinus are described as _______ ends
Grapelike
40
Acinus contains protein producing _______
Epithelial cells
41
What determines whether acinus are tubular or spherical shaped?
The type of saliva that is prodominately being produced in that gland
42
The three classes of ducts in the ductal sytem
Intercalated ducts Striated ducts Terminal excretory ducts
43
What do the indercalculated ducts do?
Collects secretions from the terminal secretory end and empties into striated ducts
44
What ducts are connected to the intercalculated ducts in the lobules?
Striated ducts
45
What are the terminal excretory ducts lined with?
Pseudo-stratified epithelium nearest the striated duct then becomes true stratified epithelium at the duct orifice
46
Function of the terminal excretory duct
Modifies the final saliva by altering the electrolyte concentration
47
Location of myoepithelial cells
Found at the terminal secretory ends and the intercalculated ducts between basement membrane and secretory cells
48
Structure of myoepithelial cells
Look like an octopus with 4-8 processes encompassing the end-pieces
49
Function of the myoepithelial cells
Contract squeezing the acini and intercalated ducts, causing saliva to move Supports secretory cells by preventing them from over-distension Contracts acini to aid in rupture of mucous packed cells
50
What weeks during prenatal development do salivary glands begin developing?
Between 6-8 weeks
51
How do salivary glands develop?
Begin as epithelial buds which proliferate and grow into the underlying mesenchyme where the acini and ductal system develops
52
Salivary glands are supported by connective tissue which creates
A capsule
53
Clinical considerations of salivary glands
Xerostomia Mucocele Ranula Nicotine Stomatitis
54
What would xerostomia affecting the savliary glands look like?
Inflammation of the oral mucosa, including lips and tongue, cervical caries may result
55
What would you be looking for with mucocele?
These are the associated minor salivary glands with mixed secretions. Glands are not visible but when blocked become a raised fluid-filled area
56
What would you be looking for with ranula?
These are associated with major salivary glands and when blocke become a raised fluid-filled area
57
What is nicotine stomatitis?
Irriatation from smoking can cause the gland openings to be visible due to inflammation
58
The thyroid gland is developing during what week of the embryonic period?
3 weeks
59
The thyroid gland is developed from the median-down growth of
The tongue
60
The thyroid gland is developed from the median down growth of the tongue which is then connected by a
Thyroglossal duct and migrates to the neck region
61
Clinical significance of the thyroid gland
May become enlarged when malfunctioning EO exam may alert of required medical attention Remnants of the thyroid tissue can remain at any of the original sites of development, and may become systic
62
Non-encapsulated masses of lymph tissue, located in the lamina propria, covered by stratified squamous epithelium
Tonsillar tissue
63
Tonsillar tissue contains lympocytes and function to
Remove toxins
64
Lmyph nodes is composed of
Organized lymph tissue and contains lympocytes that actively filter toxic products from the lymph
65
The lymph node itself is surround by
Capsule and bands of connective tissue, the trabeculae, extend from the capsule into the node.
66
Largest tonsillar tissue
Palatine tonsils
67
Palatine tonsils are located
Between anterior and posterior pillars
68
Lingual tonsils are located
behind uvula in the posterior and superior portion of the nasopharynx
69
How large can lingual tonsils grow?
To the extent that they surround the opening of the auditory tube which can lead to infections of the eustachian tube
70
Pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual tonsils form an incomplete ring around inner pharynx called the
Waldever tonsillar ring
71
Paired air-filled cavities in bone that include the frontal, spehnoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary
Paranasal sinuses
72
The paranasal sinuses are lined with
Respiratory mucosa consisting of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium continuous with the epithelial lining of the nasal cavity

Histology (4 decks)

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