Unit 9 - Transport in Animals

Question 1

what are the 3 main types of blood vessels

Answer 1

1. arteries
2. veins
3. capilleries

Question 2

where do arteries carry blood

Answer 2

away from your heart

Question 3

features of an artery

Answer 3

• can stretch (felt as a pulse )
• have a small lumen with thick elastic walls to hnadle the high blood pressure

Question 4

where does veins carry blood

Answer 4

back to your heart

Question 5

features of a vein

Answer 5

• contains valves that prevent backflow
• blood is squeezed back towards the heart by the skeletal muscles
• large lumen and relatively thin walls as blood pressure is lower

Question 6

features of capilleries

Answer 6

• walls are only one cell hick, reducing diffusion distance
• tiny vessel with narrow lumen

Question 7

function of capilleries

Answer 7

• form a huge network linking arteries and veins
• allows blood to access every cell in our body

Question 8

What does the hepatic artery do

Answer 8

carries oxygenated blood to the liver

Question 9

what does the hepatic vein do

Answer 9

carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 10

what does the hepatic portal vein do

Answer 10

carries nutrient rich blood from the intestines to the liver

Question 11

what is xoygenated blood carried to kidnyes in

Answer 11

renal artery

Question 12

where is deoxygenated blood carried from the kidneys to the heart

Answer 12

renal vein

Question 13

function of coronary arteries/veins

Answer 13

supply nutrients and remove co2 from heart

Question 14

what is the vena cava

Answer 14

biggest vein in the body

Question 15

what is the aorta

Answer 15

biggest artery in the body

Question 16

function of valves

Answer 16

prevent blood flowing backwards

Question 17

thickness of muscle walls in the atria vs ventricle

Answer 17

atra thicker than ventricles / left ventricle thicker than right ventricle

Question 18

what does thickness of muscle walls in the heart mean

Answer 18

how far blood can be pushed , thicker = further

Question 19

purpose of a circulatory system

Answer 19

allows us to transport nutrients , waste products and gases

Question 20

what happens to deoxygenated blood in the lungs

Answer 20

is oxygenated and CO2 is removed

Question 21

where does oxygenated blood go

Answer 21

back to the heart and is pumped to body cells

Question 22

where is oxygen and CO2 used

Answer 22

oxygen diffused into body cells and CO2 diffused intp the blood

Question 23

how can the heart be monitered

Answer 23

• stethoscope
• electrocardiogram
• bpm or blood pressure

Question 24

what does a stethoscope do

Answer 24

listens for if valves are opening and closing correctly

Question 25

what does an ecg do

Answer 25

measures the electrical signal from the heart to see if it is contracting in a healthy rhythm

Question 26

what are ventricle walls thicker than atria walls

Answer 26

bc ventricle push blood out of the heart

Question 27

why is left ventricle thicker than the right

Answer 27

has to push blood all the way around the body and right side only to the lungs

Question 28

what does blood consist of

Answer 28

rbc, wbc, platelets and plasma

Question 29

structure of rbc

Answer 29

biconcave , containing no nuclus but plenty of haemoglobin

Question 30

structure of wbc

Answer 30

large cells containing a big nucleus

Question 31

platelets structure

Answer 31

fragmens of cells

Question 32

plasma structure

Answer 32

straw colored liquid

Question 33

function of plasma

Answer 33

important fro the transport of co2 , nutrients, mineral ions, hormones and heat energy

Question 34

function of rbc

Answer 34

transport oxygen around the body from the lungs to cells whicj require it for aerobic respiration

Question 35

functions of wbc

Answer 35

defend the body against infection by pathogens by carrying out phagocytosis and antibody production

Question 36

function of platelets

Answer 36

involved in helpiung blood clot

Question 37

why does blood clot

Answer 37

prevents continued / significant blood loss from wounds

Question 38

how does blot clotting on wounds work

Answer 38

scab formation seals the wound with an insoluble path that prevents entry of microorganisims tha could cause infection

Question 39

what are wbc part of

Answer 39

bodys immune system

Question 40

what are the 2 types of wbc

Answer 40

phagocytes and lymphcoytes

Question 41

function of phagocytes

Answer 41

carry out phagocytosis by englulfing and releasing diestive enzymes digesting pathogens

Question 42

how to recognise phagocytes under a microscope

Answer 42

multi-lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm

Question 43

function of lymphoctyes

Answer 43

produce antibodies to destroy pathogenic cells and antioxins to neturalise tioxins by pathogens

Question 44

how to recognise lymphocytes under a microscope

Answer 44

large round nucleus that takes up nearly thw whole cell, and clear non grnaular cytoplasm

Question 45

what is the conversion of fibrinogen

Answer 45

platelets release chemicals that cause soluble fibrinogen proteins to convert to insoluble fibrin which froms and insoluble mesh across thw ound, trapping rbc and therfore forming a clot. clot dries and devlops a scab to protect wound from bacteria enetering

Question 46

what happens in coronary heart diesase

Answer 46

coronary artery becomes partially or completely blocked by fatty deposits called plaques. arteries are not very elastic and cant stretch to accomodatr the blood which i being forced through them

Question 47

what happens during a partial blockage of coronary arteries

Answer 47

creates restricted blood flow to the cardiac muscle cells and results in severe chest pains called angina

Question 48

what happens when coronary arteries are completely blocked

Answer 48

means that cells in that area of the heart will not be able to respire and can no longer contract, leading to a heart attack

Question 49

what is coronary plauqe made from

Answer 49

cholesterol and wbc

Question 50

how does a poor diet contribute to coronary heart disease

Answer 50

eating more saturated fat increases cholesterol lvls increasing rhe chmaces of blockages

Question 51

how does stress contribute to coronary heart disease

Answer 51

when under stress hormones are produced and can increase blood pressure

Question 52

how doees smoking contribute to coronary heart disease

Answer 52

causes blood vessels to narrow increasing blood pressure which will lead to a build up of fat globules

Question 53

advantage of a double circulatory system

Answer 53

seperates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. this maintains a steeper concentration gradient therefore increasing the rate of diffusion.