Unit A Biological Diversity: Section 3.0

Question 1

What are the blueprints for an organism?

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

What is DNA found in?

Answer 3

The nucleus of a cell

Question 4

What did Watson and Frick find?

Answer 4

By unraveling the structure of DNA, Watson and Crick revealed how the same chemical building blocks could carry such a wide range of instructions needed for the diversity we observe in the living world.

Question 5

What does a DNA molecule look like?

Answer 5

A ladder twisted into a spiral

Question 6

What are the four different chemicals in the DNA?

Answer 6

Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 7

What is the genetic code?

Answer 7

The way that the chemicals in DNA are arranged. GC and AT are pairs

Question 8

What are chromosomes?

Answer 8

The way that DNA arranges itself in a cell.

Question 9

How many chromosomes does each human cell contain?

Answer 9

46 chromosomes

Question 10

In what way do chromosomes organize themselves?

Answer 10

In pairs

Question 11

What is a gene?

Answer 11

An uninterrupted segment of

DNA, which contains coded instructions

Question 12

Where are genes located?

Answer 12

Genes are located on the chromosomes

Question 13

Where are genes located?

Answer 13

Each chromosome contains numerous gene

locations.

Question 14

How are genes found?

Answer 14

In pairs, both genes in a pair carry DNA instructions for
the same thing. The genes occupy
matching locations on the two chromosomes.

Question 15

What are alleles?

Answer 15

The possible forms that genes come in. E.g. Red Hair, Blue Hair etc

Question 16

What is mitosis responsible for?

Answer 16

Mitosis occurs in the body cells of multicellular organisms and is responsible for the growth and cellular repair of a multicellular organism.

Question 17

What is meiosis?

Answer 17

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces cells with only half the DNA of a normal cell. Because each gamete has only half the DNA of a normal cell, when the male and female gametes unite, the zygote has a complete set of DNA

Question 18

What is mitosis to do with?

Answer 18

Binary fission, and growth and cellular repair in a multicellular organism

Question 19

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 19

Meiosis is two cell divisions that only produces half the DNA of a cell. Mitosis is one cell division that produces cells with identical information

Question 20

Explain how mitosis works?

Answer 20

1: The chromosomes duplicate
2: Then the nucleus disintegrates
3: The cell is split in half taking half the chromosomes and now there are 2 cells

Question 21

Explain hoe meiosis works?

Answer 21

1: the chromosomes duplicate
2: they swap information
3: and then the cell splits in half and then split in half again making 4 cells with half the information

Question 22

What are traits?

Answer 22

Characteristics

Question 23

What are purebred organisms?

Answer 23

An organism which has ancestors with all the same traits

Question 24

What are hybrid organisms?

Answer 24

Organisms with ancestors with different traits

Question 25

What are dominant traits?

Answer 25

Traits that will take over when presented against a recessive traits

Question 26

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 26

A trait that does not dominate

Question 27

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 27

When neither trait is completley dominant

Question 28

What is the inherited material responsible for variation?

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

What did Oswald Avery discover?

Answer 29

DNA