Unit B Cells and Systems Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cells
What is a cell?
Cells are the smallest unit of life and are the the building blocks for all living things.
What do groups of similar cells form?
Tissue
What are the five levels of characteristics that form living things? Provide an example.
- Respond to environment
- Reproduce
- Produce waste
- Grow
- Need energy
What are the five levels of organiztion from smallest to largest?
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- System
- Organism
Who was the first person to use the term “Cellulae”, which led to the word cell?
Robert Hooke
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
A membrane that allows certain materials to cross into the cell.
What is diffusion?
Particles spread from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Particles collide with eachother and distribute to less crowded areas.
What is osmosis?
Osmossis is like diffusion but with a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis goes from low concentration to high.
List the main parts in an animal cell:
Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Vacuoles, and the cell membrane
List the main parts in a plant cell:
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacules, and chloroplast.
What is the function of the cell wall?
The cell wall is a thicker layer on the outside of the cell. It supports the cell, is very thick, and only found in plants.
What is the function of chloroplast?
Chloroplast is the part of the cell where photosynthesis takes place. It absorbs light from the sun.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane acts as the “skin” of the cell. It covers the cell, holds it together, protects the cell, acts as a barrier, and controls what enters and exists the cell.
What is the main function of cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm acts as the “lungs and blood” of the cell. It distributes oxygen and food around the cell.
What is the function of the vacuoles?
The vacuoles act like the “stomach” of the cell. It stores food, waste, and other materials for the cell later.
What are the four major systems in the human body that we went over in class?
Circulatory, respitory, digestive, and excretory.
The lungs are the major organ of what system?
Respitory
What does the digestive system do?
The digestive system breaks down food and transfers nutrients to the bloood stream to feed cells.
What are the GENERAL STEPS that happen in the digestive system?
The salivary glands produce saliva that break down food. The food is sent down your esophagus and is broken down by your stomach, pancreas, liver, and small intestine. You absorb nutrients through your small intestine.
What does the respitory system do?
Your respitory system system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air, so it can feed the cells in your body. Your lungs also rid your body of waste gases.
What is the correct order of food passage in the digestive system?
The salivary glands produce saliva that break down food. The food is sent down your esophagus and is broken down by your stomach, pancreas, liver, and small intestine. You absorb nutrients through your small intestine.
What are the main functions of Arteries and Veins? What is the main difference?
Arteries cary oxygen rich blood and circulate it to cells in your body. Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart to become oxygenated. The main difference is that Arteries cary oxygenated blood away from the heart and Veins bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
What are the main organs in the respitory system?
The main organs of the respiratory system include the lungs, trachea, and bronchi and avioli.
