unit b part 1

Question 1

What are the six characteristics that all living things must have?

Answer 1

• Made of cells
• Need energy
• Grow and develop
• Respond to the environment
• Reproduce
• Adaptations for their environment

Question 2

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 2

Cell

Question 3

How do organisms get energy?

Answer 3

• Plants (Producers) = Sun
• Animals (Consumers) = Surrounding environment

Question 4

Define metabolism.

Answer 4

The sum of all the different processes that happen inside an organism

Question 5

What is a stimulus?

Answer 5

Anything that causes a response in an organism

Question 6

What is the response of an organism?

Answer 6

An organism’s reaction to a stimulus

Question 7

What does it mean for an organism to reproduce?

Answer 7

All living things come from other living things

Question 8

Define adaptation.

Answer 8

Physical or behavioural characteristic of a species that increases the species’ chances of survival in a particular environment

Question 9

What are the two general types of microscopes used in scientific research?

Answer 9

• Compound Light Microscope
• Electron Microscope

Question 10

What is total magnification in microscopy?

Answer 10

Ocular lens multiplied by the magnification lens

Question 11

What is the diameter of the field of view in microscopy?

Answer 11

The entire area that can be seen when looking through a microscope

Question 12

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 12

Controls the cell’s activities and holds the DNA

Question 13

What is the role of mitochondria?

Answer 13

Convert energy into usable forms

Question 14

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 14

Use RNA to build proteins and enzymes

Question 15

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 15

Controls materials in and out of the cell

Question 16

What are vacuoles?

Answer 16

Storage rooms of the cell for excess food and wastes

Question 17

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 17

The area inside the cell that contains nutrients and distributes materials

Question 18

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 18

Break down worn out parts of the cell

Question 19

What is the cell wall?

Answer 19

A rigid frame-like covering that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells

Question 20

What is the role of chloroplasts?

Answer 20

Where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells

Question 21

Define unicellular organisms.

Answer 21

Organisms made of just one cell

Question 22

What are multicellular organisms?

Answer 22

Organisms made of two or more cells

Question 23

What is specialization in cells?

Answer 23

Cells with specific structures that help perform particular functions

Question 24

What are the four types of animal tissues?

Answer 24

• Nervous tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Connective tissue
• Epithelial tissue

Question 25

What are the three types of plant tissues?

Answer 25

* Ground tissues * Epidermis tissues * Vascular tissues

Question 26

Name the three main organs in plants.

Answer 26

* Leaves * Roots * Stems

Question 27

What process allows water to move into roots?

Answer 27

Osmosis

Question 28

Define diffusion.

Answer 28

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 29

What is osmosis?

Answer 29

Diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 30

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

Answer 30

A membrane that allows certain particles to pass through based on size

Question 31

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 31

Equal concentration of solutes on each side of a semi-permeable membrane

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the command center of the cell.

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

True or False: All living things need energy.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What does a permeable membrane allow?

Answer 34

All materials to go in & out ## Footnote A permeable membrane is one that permits the passage of substances freely.

Question 35

What does an impermeable membrane do?

Answer 35

Does not allow anything in or out ## Footnote An impermeable membrane completely restricts the movement of substances.

Question 36

How do particles move in & out of cells?

Answer 36

By diffusion ## Footnote Diffusion is the process by which particles spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Question 37

What is the role of the cell membrane in particle movement?

Answer 37

Acts like a filter with tiny openings ## Footnote The cell membrane is semi-permeable, allowing only certain particles to pass through.

Question 38

Define isotonic solution.

Answer 38

Equal concentration of solutes on each side of the semi-permeable membrane ## Footnote In an isotonic solution, the movement of water is balanced, and cell size remains stable.

Question 39

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 39

Water leaves the cell, and it shrivels ## Footnote This condition can be potentially fatal to plant cells due to dehydration.

Question 40

Define hypertonic solution.

Answer 40

Solution with high concentration of solutes ## Footnote In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than inside.

Question 41

What is the result of a cell being in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 41

Water enters the cell, and the cell swells ## Footnote This can also be potentially fatal to plant cells if they burst due to excess water.

Question 42

Define hypotonic solution.

Answer 42

Solution with lower concentration of solutes ## Footnote In a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is lesser outside the cell compared to inside.

Question 43

What is necessary for cells regarding water concentration?

Answer 43

An optimal amount of water concentration ## Footnote Cells require a balance of water inside and outside to maintain health and function.

Question 44

What can happen if too much water enters or leaves a cell?

Answer 44

The cell may die ## Footnote Imbalance in water concentration can lead to cell lysis or dehydration.