Unit B1: Ecosystems and Their Diversity

Question 1

What are some abiotic factors that influence biotic survival?

Answer 1

• unequal heating of earth produces global air and water movements that interact with mountains/ islands/lakes to produce patterns of rainfall = wet areas and dry areas
• patterns of precipitation - influences time of soil
  -topography/shape and features of land surfaces
• altitude
• latitude
• temperature

Question 2

transect:

Answer 2

• very long line
• a starting point and direction are randomly chosen and a line of a certain length is marked out
• the occurrence of any individual within a certain distance from this line is recorded

Question 3

profundal zone:

Answer 3

Middle of the ocean
-colder
- less oxygen
- little aquatic life

Question 4

What are limiting factors?

Answer 4

abiotic AND biotic conditions that limit the number of individuals in a population

Question 5

species:

Answer 5

individual organisms that are able to breed with one another and produce viable off spring

Question 6

biome:

Answer 6

large geographical area containing many ecosystmes, based on climate and common vegetation.

Question 7

Dichotomous key:

Answer 7

• uses characteristics to identify organisms
• arranged in stpes, with two statements at each step
• good dichotomous keys are unamiguoes and provide options to follor
• 2 types (branching and text based)

Question 8

ecology:

Answer 8

the study of the relationship between living things(organisms) and their non-living surroundings in the envronment

Question 9

Biotic:

Answer 9

refers to the living things in the environment

Question 10

range:

Answer 10

the geographical area where and organism is generally found
- the limit of a species range is determined by its habitats requirements

Question 11

what are the 4 major bioms of alberta?

Answer 11

• tundra
• boreal forest
• temperate forest
• grassland

Question 12

what are the two ways ecologists collect samples?

Answer 12

• transect
• quadrat

Question 13

density:

Answer 13

the number of individuals per unit of volume or area
D = (the average number of individuals per quadrat) / (the size of quadrat)

Question 14

quadrat:

Answer 14

used for organisms that tent to stay in one spot all their lives
-locations are chosen
- at every location, a quadrat of the same size is marked out
- the number of individuals at the location within the quadrat are counted

Question 15

what are the 3 domains:

Answer 15

• bacteria
• archea
• eukarya

Question 16

sample:

Answer 16

a small portion of subsets of the entire population

Question 17

Kingdom goes with…..

Answer 17

animalia

Question 18

order goes with……

Answer 18

carnivora

Question 19

environmental gradient:

Answer 19

a change in ABIOTIC factors through space or time

Question 20

ecological niche:

Answer 20

the role or function that an organism has in its ecosystem
- job

Question 21

community:

Answer 21

all the individuals of the interacting populations in a given area
*in nature, populations are rearely isolated -> they interact with other populations of different species

Question 22

genus goes with….

Answer 22

lynx

Question 23

how is genus classified?

Answer 23

• common ancestry
• morphology
• structural charateristics
• ancestral relationships

Question 24

what are some examples of biotic limiting factors?

Answer 24

• intraspecies competition(members of the same population compete with each other for limited resources)
• interspecies competition(members of different populations competing with each other for limited resources)
• predators
• parasites

Question 25

What are some examples of abiotic limiting factors:

Answer 25

- soil type - moisture - temperature - sunlight - nutrients - oxygen

Question 26

when are quadrats used?

Answer 26

when it is easy to get around the area and the population distribution is relatively random

Question 27

How to use binomial nomenculture:

Answer 27

first name: Genus (first letter capitalized) second name: species (first letter lower case)

Question 28

habitat:

Answer 28

- immediate vacinity - places of area in which an organism has adapted to live - a habitat is a place where an organism makes its home - a habitat meets all the environmental conditions an organism needs to survive

Question 29

when are transects used?

Answer 29

when the navigation in the area is difficult and the population is arranged along a gradient(incline/decline)

Question 30

population:

Answer 30

any group of individuas of the SAME species living in the same geographical area at the same time

Question 31

domains:

Answer 31

the broadest and most common category of classification

Question 32

What is the order of the levels of vertical stratification based on most to least biodiversity?

Answer 32

1. Littoral (most) 2. Limnetic 3. Benthic 4. Profundal (least)

Question 33

littoral zone:

Answer 33

SHORELINE - warmer - more oxygen - higher biodiversity - contains rooted plant life

Question 34

species goes with....

Answer 34

rufus

Question 35

Phylum goes with.......

Answer 35

Chordata

Question 36

what are domains based on?

Answer 36

the cellular composition of organisms

Question 37

class goes with.....

Answer 37

mammalia

Question 38

biomes:

Answer 38

ecosystem or group of ecosystems in a specific region on earth that has a particular combination of biotic and abiotic factors

Question 39

is life uniformly distributed throughout the biosphere?

Answer 39

no because of abiotic factors

Question 40

what is the most common way to determine population size?

Answer 40

to estimate the number of individuals in a number of samples and then calculate the average

Question 41

Abiotic:

Answer 41

refers to the non-living things in the environment

Question 42

ecosystem:

Answer 42

a community of organisms(biotic) a long with the abiotic factors that surround and effect it ***REGION*** **largest possible ecosystem is the BIOSPHERE

Question 43

family goes with.....

Answer 43

felidae

Question 44

Taxonomy:

Answer 44

The practice of classifying living things

Question 45

Domain goes with......

Answer 45

Eukarya

Question 46

Limnetic zone:

Answer 46

Surface - warmer - more oxygen - zone where an abundance of sunlight reaches - more photosynthetic organisms *contains phytoplankton(algae)*

Question 47

what is the difference between intra and interspecies competition?

Answer 47

- intra refers to members of the SAME population competing with eachother - inter refers to members of DIFFERENT populations competing with eachother

Question 48

climate:

Answer 48

the average weather conditions in a particular region over a period of time

Question 49

how is species classified?

Answer 49

the organisms ability to breed and produce viable/fertile offspring

Question 50

what are the taxonomic groups:

Answer 50

(smalllest to biggest) - species - genus -family - order - class -phylum -kingdom - domain (Danish king Philip came over for good soup)

Question 51

Benthic zone:

Answer 51

Bottom of the ocean -less diodiversity - more decomposers - colder -less oxygen

Question 52

how is kingdoms classified?

Answer 52

mode of nutrition

Question 53

Environment:

Answer 53

Everything that affects an organism throughout its life and everything that the organism affects

Question 54

morphology:

Answer 54

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts

Question 55

interbreed:

Answer 55

breeding between species to create hybrids - breed with another species or group