Unit B.1 Science 10

Question 1

What is motion?

Answer 1

Motion is an object travelling a specific distance in a certain amount of time

Question 2

How can we analyze motion?

Answer 2

By comparing it’s initial position to it’s final position

Question 3

What is an object’s initial motion called?

Answer 3

It’s called the “reference point” and all observations are made in relation to that point

Question 4

What is uniform motion?

Answer 4

It’s the term used to describe an object that moves in the same direction at a constant speed (No acceleration, No change in direction).

Question 5

What is the simplest type of motion and what’s the most common one?

Answer 5

The simplest type of motion is Uniform Motion

The most common type of motion is Acceleration

Question 6

What is average speed and what is the formula for it?

Answer 6

Average speed is uniform motion that involves travelling a specific distance in a specified time

v = ∆d/∆t : (d final - initial) ÷ (t final - initial) = Average speed

Question 7

∆: What is this thing and what does it mean?

Answer 7

That is the Greek letter delta and it means “change in”

Question 8

What are the 2 types of graphs used to describe uniform motion?

Answer 8

Distance - time graph and Speed-time graph

Question 9

What does each type of line (flat, diagonal and curve) of the distance-time graph represent?

Answer 9

Horizontal (Flat): Non-Moving Object (at rest)

Diagonal: Constant Uniform Motion

Upward Curve (smiley face): Positive Acceleration (slope is increasing)

Downward Curve (sad face): Negative Acceleration
(slope is decreasing)

Question 10

What does the slope on a distance-time graph tell you?

Answer 10

Speed

Question 11

What is the formula for slope?

Answer 11

Slope = rise/run = (y2 - y1) ÷ (x2 - x1)

Question 12

What does each type of line (flat, horizontal and diagonal) of the speed-time graph represent?

Answer 12

flat horizontal line: Uniform motion
Flat horizontal line at 0: Rest
Upward Diagonal Slope: Increasing Acceleration
Downward Diagonal Slope: Decreasing Acceleration

Question 13

What does the slope on a speed-time graph tell you?

Answer 13

Acceleration

Question 14

What does the area under a speed-time graph tell you?

Answer 14

Distance

Question 15

What is the difference between speed and velocity

Answer 15

Speed is only magnitude, velocity is magnitude and direction therefore being a vector quantity

Question 16

What are examples of scalar and vector quantities (Give 5 each)

Answer 16

Scalar: Time, Distance, Speed, Mass, Temperature

Vector: Velocity, Displacement, Acceleration, Force, Gravity

Question 17

How are vector directions shown and why are they important?

Answer 17

Vector directions are shown by the negative and positive signs and when writing out a formula and answer for formula’s including vector quantities, you should always put + or - before them

Question 18

Why is average velocity uniform motion?

Answer 18

Because it doesn’t take into account speeding up or slowing down

Question 19

What is the formula for average velocity?

Answer 19

→ →
V: d/ t
Avg Velocity = Displacement/time

Question 20

What is the slope of a position time graph?

Answer 20

Velocity

Question 21

What is the slope of a velocity time graph?

Answer 21

Acceleration

Question 22

What is the slope of an acceleration time graph?

Answer 22

Jerk/Jolt

Question 23

What is the area of an acceleration-time graph?

Answer 23

Change in Velocity

Question 24

What are the 2 ways positive acceleration can occur?

Answer 24

• When the change in both the magnitude of the velocity and the direction are positive
• When the change in both the magnitude of the velocity and direction are negative

Question 25

What are the 2 ways negative acceleration can occur?

Answer 25

- When the change in magnitude of the velocity is negative while the direction is positive - When the change in magnitude of the velocity is positive while the direction is negative

Question 26

When does acceleration exist?

Answer 26

When velocity (so either speed or direction) changes, Acceleration Exists

Question 27

What is the acceleration formula?

Answer 27

a = (vf - vi) ÷ (t) = m/s²

Question 28

What is the best sort of line for acceleration on a displacement - time graph?

Answer 28

A smooth curve - A curved line on a position-time graph means the object is accelerating

Question 29

What is the best sort of line for acceleration on a velocity - time graph?

Answer 29

For accelerated motion, the line of best fit is a horizontal line (straight line with an increasing slope) This indicates that the velocity of the object is increasing with time * Increasing slope = Positive Acceleration * Decreasing slope = Negative Acceleration

Question 30

Who described the important relationships between forces and motion

Answer 30

Isaac Newton

Question 31

What is force?

Answer 31

- Force can be described as a push or pull on an object | - Forces can be used to transfer energy or convert one energy form to another

Question 32

What is force measured in?

Answer 32

Newtons

Question 33

What does 1 Newton equal?

Answer 33

1 Newton = 1kg m/s² Force = Mass x Acceleration

Question 34

With an unbalanced force, the force acting in one direction is greater than the force in the other direction, true or false?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces?

Answer 35

- Balanced forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction; they cancel each other out - Unbalanced forces are forces that are not equal in magnitude or are not opposite in direction

Question 36

What happens if an unbalanced force is applied to a moving object?

Answer 36

It will either speed up or slow down (Accelerate)

Question 37

How will an object speed up with an unbalanced force?

Answer 37

If the unbalanced force is applied in the same direction of the object's movement, the object will speed up

Question 38

How will an object slow down with an unbalanced force?

Answer 38

If the unbalanced force is applied in the opposite direction of the object's movement, the object will slow down

Question 39

What does an object do if there's no external unbalanced forces?

Answer 39

In the absence of any external unbalanced forces such as resistive forces, all object tend to stay in uniform motion or at rest

Question 40

An object in motion will stay in motion and no energy input is required for it to stay in uniform motion, true or false?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is energy?

Answer 41

The ability to do work

Question 42

What is work?

Answer 42

The transfer of energy from one object to another or from one form of energy to another

Question 43

When is work being done in terms of physics?

Answer 43

Whenever a force moves an object through a distance in the direction of the force, then work is being done on the object

Question 44

What is the formula for work?

Answer 44

Work(J) = applied force(N) . distance the object moves(m) W = Fd 1 Joule = 1 newton-meter

Question 45

What are the 3 conditions for work to be done on an object?

Answer 45

``` #1: There must be movement of the object #2: There must be a force at all times from the person itself #3: The force and the distance must be in the same direction as the object travelling ```

Question 46

What is a derived unit?

Answer 46

A formula made up of multiple fundamental units

Question 47

What is the fundamental units for joule?

Answer 47

1 Joule = 1 Kg m²/s²

Question 48

On a Force-Displacement graph, if there is constant force being applied through a distance on an object, then what line should it be?

Answer 48

A horizontal line

Question 49

What does the area under the line of best fit tell us on a Force-Displacement graph?

Answer 49

The work input

Question 50

What is work input & output?

Answer 50

Force applied = work input (energy input) | Energy being transferred = Work output (energy output)

Question 51

Is a change in energy and work the same thing?

Answer 51

Yes because energy is the ability to do work If work is given in joules then so is energy ∆E = W J = J