Unit C

Question 1

What is the process of chloroplast?

Answer 1

photosynthesis

Question 2

What are the parts of the chloroplast?

Answer 2

thylakoid
stroma
lamella
granum
inner membrane
outer membrane
intermembrane space

Question 3

What are the stages of the chloroplast?

Answer 3

Stage 1: Capturing solar energy into electrons (Light Dependent)
Stage 2: Using trappped energy to make ATP and NADPH (Light Dependent)
Stage 3: energy (ATP + NADPH) and electrons (NADPH) and CO2 are used to form glucose

Question 4

Where does the light-dependent reactions take place?

Answer 4

The thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Question 5

Where does the Light Independent/Calvin Cycle take place?

Answer 5

within the stroma

Question 6

What is the role of the Intermembrane Space in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 6

nucleotide phosphorylation: The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside

Question 7

What is the role of the Stroma Lamellae in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 7

connects thylakoids of two different grana. They increase the efficiency of photosynthesis by keeping grana at a distance so that they do not clutter together

Question 8

What is the role of the Thylakoid in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 8

to help absorb sunlight in order for photosynthesis to occur

Question 9

What is the role of the Lumen in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 9

the compartment where molecular oxygen is produced from water during photosynthetic light-dependent reactions

Question 10

What is the role of the Inner Membrane in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 10

fills the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in electron transport and the chemiosmotic generation of ATP

Question 11

What is the role of the Outer Membrane in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 11

The outer membrane of the chloroplast encloses the intermembrane space between the inner and outer chloroplast membranes

Question 12

What is the role of the Granum in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 12

the site for the light reaction of the photosynthesis

Question 13

What is the role of the Stroma in the process of the chloroplast?

Answer 13

provide volume around the different structures inside the chloroplast for protection

Question 14

What are light dependent reactions?

Answer 14

requires radient energy - occurs in daylight

Question 15

What are light independent reactions?

Answer 15

can occur anytime

Question 16

What is Photolysis?

Answer 16

a reaction where a compund (water) is broken down by light

Question 17

What is Chemiosmosis?

Answer 17

a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and ATP synthase enzymes

Question 18

What is ETC?

Answer 18

series of electron acceptors, each time an e- is transferred energy is lost

Question 19

What is the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 19

the cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars

Question 20

What is NADPH?

Answer 20

electron carrier, energy transfer molecule

Question 21

What is ATP?

Answer 21

energy molecule

Question 22

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

Answer 22

The complete range of all types of radiation that has both electric and magnetic fields and travels in waves

Question 23

What is light?

Answer 23

A section of the EMR visible spectrum (ROYGBIV)

Question 24

What is a Photon?

Answer 24

A small unit of energy at a specific EMR wavelength “a packet of light”

Question 25

What is Refraction?

Answer 25

bending of light as it passes through an object

Question 26

What is Reflection?

Answer 26

energy (light) bounces off a surface

Question 27

What is Transmitted?

Answer 27

energy (light) passes through an object

Question 28

What is Absorption?

Answer 28

energy is absorbed by an object

Question 29

What does it mean if you see white?

Answer 29

all colours are being reflected

Question 30

What does it mean if you see black?

Answer 30

all colours are being absorbed

Question 31

What does bigger wavelengths mean?

Answer 31

less energy

Question 32

What do smaller wavelengths mean?

Answer 32

more energy

Question 33

What are pigments?

Answer 33

chemicals which can absorb part of the EMR

Question 34

What are the 4 pigments?

Answer 34

Chlorophyll A Chlorophyll B Carotenoids Xanthophylls Anthocyanins

Question 35

What is Chlorophyll A?

Answer 35

Blue Green Most important pigment for photosynthesis

Question 36

What is Chlorphyll B?

Answer 36

Yellow Green accessory pigment ehich transfers energy to chlorophyll A

Question 37

What is Carotenoids?

Answer 37

Orange pigment

Question 38

What is Xanthophylls?

Answer 38

yellow pigment

Question 39

What is Anthocyanins?

Answer 39

red and purple pigments

Question 40

What is the importance of Chlorophyll?

Answer 40

sustains plant life and produces oxygen for the entire planet

Question 41

What is the Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration? (or photosynthesis)

Answer 41

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 --> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

Question 42

What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 42

Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.

Question 43

What are the 4 stages of Aerobic respiration?

Answer 43

glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation the Krebs cycle Electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 44

Where does Glycolysis take place?

Answer 44

cytoplasm

Question 45

Where does the Pyruvate Oxidation take place?

Answer 45

mitochondrial matrix

Question 46

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

Answer 46

mitochondrial matrix

Question 47

Where does the Electron transport and chemiosmosis take place?

Answer 47

inner mitochrondrial membrane

Question 48

What are the two electron carriers?

Answer 48

NADH and FADH2

Question 49

How do we get 36 ATP?

Answer 49

electron transport from the molecules of NADH and FADH2 made from glycolysis, the transformation of pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle creates as many as 32 more ATP molecules. Therefore, a total of up to 36 molecules of ATP can be made from just one molecule of glucose in the process of cellular respiration (LOOK AT NOTES)

Question 50

What are the two types of Anaerobic respiration?

Answer 50

alcohol fermentation lactic acid fermentation

Question 51

What is alcohol fermentation?

Answer 51

creates ethanol and CO2 from glucose In the process, NADH is oxidized to NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue

Question 52

What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?

Answer 52

producses lactic acid from glucose in the process, NADH is oxidized to NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue

Question 53

What is the Chemical equation for glucose?

Answer 53

C₆H₁₂O₆