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Microbiology Unit C > Unit C > Flashcards

Unit C Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bacterial name for syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

How is syphilis transmitted?

A

Sexually transmitted. Also mother to fetus.

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3
Q

Who is at highest risk of syphilis?

A

Unborn babies, men who have sex with men. poor urban residents and drug addicted m and f prostitutes

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4
Q

Major symptoms of syphilis?

A

1: Chancre 2: Rash 3: Gummas and Neurosyphilis

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5
Q

Toxins produced by syphilis?

A

No toxins. An overactive immune response.

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6
Q

Prevention of syphilis?

A

Condoms. Don’t touch chancres. Penicillin to avoid transmission to baby.

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7
Q

what bacteria causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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8
Q

how is it transmitted?

A

deer ticks

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9
Q

who is at highest risk for lyme disease?

A

occupational: farmers. also those who live in New England.

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10
Q

Major symptoms of lyme disease?

A
  1. EM rash, flu-like symptoms. 2. AV blockage, arrythmia, meningitis/facial paralysis. 3. arthiritis, joint damage, inflammation of nerves. irreversible damage.
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11
Q

toxins produced by lyme disease?

A

none. an overactive immune response.

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12
Q

Prevention of lyme disease?

A

Prevent/remove tick. vaccinate cattle and dogs. use DEET solution.

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13
Q

bacteria that causes leptospirosis?

A

Leptospira interrogans

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14
Q

how is it transmitted?

A

animal urine. transmission thru skin is uncommon, more common thru food and water.

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15
Q

who is at risk of lepto?

A

occupational: vets, farmers, ranchers, sewer workers.

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16
Q

symptoms of lepto?

A

vasculitis (sub clinical: dry cough, nausea, diahrrea). aseptic meningitis. flu like swollen glands and muscle aches.

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17
Q

prevention of lepto?

A

Vaccine for dogs and cattle, NOT humans.

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18
Q

bacteria that causes pseudomonas?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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19
Q

transmission of pseudo?

A

nosocomial- esp burns unit and NICU. moist areas.

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20
Q

highest risk of pseudo?

A

cystic fibrosis sufferers, IV drug users, AIDs patients. nosocomial.

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21
Q

symptoms of pseudo?

A

pneumonia. cytotoxic and necrosis. dissolves tissue. can cause urinary tract infections, dermatitis, bone and joint infections, bacteremia.

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22
Q

toxins produced by pseudo?

A

exotoxin A (protease- dissolves protein).

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23
Q

prevention of pseudo?

A

dont use dirty needles. good hygiene in hospitals- intervene in transmission

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24
Q

bacteria that causes legionnaires?

A

Legionella pneumophilia.

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25
Q

transmission of legion?

A

water aerosol transmission.

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26
Q

high risk of legion?

A

diabetics, elderly, smokers, immunodeficient.

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27
Q

major symptoms of legion?

A

pneumonia- lungs fill w/liquid.

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28
Q

toxins?

A

overactive immune response

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29
Q

prevention?

A

HOT HOT water. steam humidifiers. clean and replace water filters and air filters regularly.

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30
Q

bacteria for brucellosis?

A

brucella

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31
Q

transmission?

A

ingesting unpasteurised dairy.handling swine meat, delivery of aborted calves.

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32
Q

high risk?

A

occupational. vets, ranchers.

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33
Q

symptoms?

A

pain, undulating fever, headache, night sweats, englarged organs, joint aches, swollen lymph nodes, malaise.

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34
Q

toxins?

A

overactive immune response

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35
Q

prevention?

A

animal vaccines- cattle and buffalo. consume pasteurised dairy.

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36
Q

bacteria for whooping cough?

A

Bordatella pertussis

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37
Q

transmission?

A

human resp tract.

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38
Q

high risk?

A

unvac and under 1

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39
Q

symptoms?

A
  1. cold like, runny nose, cough 2. acute violent cough. 3. 100day convalesent cough.
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40
Q

toxins?

A

tracheal cytotoxin. pertussis toxin.

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41
Q

prevention?

A

DTaP vaccine. Adacel booster

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42
Q

bacteria for gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

43
Q

transmission?

A

human to human STD

44
Q

symptoms?

A

inflammation, pus, pain, drip from penis. in women: cryptic symptoms. suffer complications such as PID, ectopic pregnancy, sterility.

45
Q

toxins?

A

endotoxin and enzymes: proteases and lipases.

46
Q

prevention?

A

condoms. erythromycin drops for newborns eyes.

47
Q

bacteria for meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningidites.

48
Q

transmission?

A

human resp to hu resp. mainly thru saliva of transient carrier.

49
Q

high risk?

A

immunodeficient, asplenic, diabetics, smokers, those in barracks and dorms.

50
Q

symptoms?

A

infection of brain, meningococcemia- fever, rash, headache, stiff neck, nausea, drowsy, confusion, coma.

51
Q

toxins?

A

lots of lipopolysaccaride. wbc makes cytokines. causes edema.

52
Q

prevention?

A

WACY vaccine (menactra). give prophylactic antibiotics to contacts of patient who has type B.

53
Q

bacteria for stomach cancers/ulcers?

A

Heliobacter pylori.

54
Q

transmission?

A

hu feces to hu mouth

55
Q

symptoms?

A

pain, bloody diarrhea.

56
Q

toxins?

A

vac A protein, cag A proten, urease.

57
Q

bacteria for gastroenteritis?

A

Campylobacter jejuni.

58
Q

transmission?

A

raw/undercooked poultry. hu/animal feces to animal mouth.

59
Q

high risk?

A

young esp under 5. immunodeficient. preg women.

60
Q

symptoms?

A

bacterial diarrhea. watery/sticky/bloody. abdominal pain, fever.

61
Q

toxin?

A

enterotoxin.

62
Q

prevention?

A

cook chicken/poultry thoroughly. good sanitation. refrigerate meat. improve food safety regulations.

63
Q

bacteria for cholera?

A

Vibrio cholerae

64
Q

transmission?

A

hu feces to hu mouth. thru sewage, e.g.

65
Q

high risk?

A

those not immune to prev strains, babies

66
Q

symptoms?

A

severe diarrhea. can die from massive dehydration, no fever.

67
Q

toxin?

A

non-invasive enterotoxin.

68
Q

prevention?

A

drink clean water. traveler- take 2 oral vaccines.

69
Q

what diseases are caused by enterobacteriaceae?

A

e coli, citrobacter, klebsiella, HUS

70
Q

transmission?

A

hu/animal feces to hu mouth.

71
Q

high risk?

A

under 5s, elderly, immunodeficient.

72
Q

symtoms?

A

e coli can cause cystisis in urinary tract. ETEC can cause traveller’s diarrhea. EHEC can lead to HUS.

73
Q

what does HUS stand for?

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

74
Q

toxins?

A

exotoxins. ETEC: 2 enterotoxins.

75
Q

prevention?

A

hand-washing. intervene in transmission: no undercooked meat for children. give hay to animals 5 days before slaughter.

76
Q

what bacteria causes shigellosis?

A

shigella

77
Q

transmission?

A

hu feces to hu mouth. 4 f’s

78
Q

high risk?

A

children

79
Q

symptoms?

A

cells make cytokines. lots of inflammation and puc. abcsesses from scar tissue. digestive issues, cramps. kids: convulsions.

80
Q

toxins?

A

cytotoxin kills and invades neighboring cells. rarely goes into bloodstream

81
Q

prevention?

A

intervene in transmission.

82
Q

bacteria that causes HUS?

A

S. dysenteriae.

83
Q

transmission?

A

hu feces to hu mouth. invasive.

84
Q

symptoms?

A

same as EHEC: kidneys, intestines, brain. also blood, pus, mucus in stools.

85
Q

toxins?

A

2 shiga toxins and endotoxin.

86
Q

prevention?

A

good sanitation- usually transmitted through hands.

87
Q

what bacteria causes enteriditis and poona?

A

Salmonella enterica

88
Q

transmission?

A

animal feces to hu mouth.

89
Q

high risk?

A

elderly, young, immunodeficient.

90
Q

symptoms?

A

moderate diahrrea and or bleeding, nausea, vomiting, fever, stomach pain.

91
Q

toxins?

A

endotoxin, if in blood. enterotoxin- diarrhea. other cytotoxins lyse cellls.

92
Q

prevention?

A

wash hands. dont eat undercooked (and unpasteurised) eggs. no exotic pets around small children.

93
Q

bacteria for typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella typhi.

94
Q

transmission?

A

hu feces to hu mouth. 1% are carriers.

95
Q

high risk?

A

kids, immunodeficient, elderly.

96
Q

symptoms?

A

high stepwise fever. constipation in adults. headache and or intestinal bleeding, weight loss. rose spots on abdomen and trunk.

97
Q

toxin?

A

endotoxin- LPS- toxemia.

98
Q

prevention?

A

intervene in transmission. good sanitation

99
Q

bacteria for hib?

A

Haemophilus influenza.

100
Q

transmission?

A

hu resp to hu rsp.

101
Q

high risk?

A

unvac or under 5. asplenic, diabetics, those w/cancer.

102
Q

symptoms?

A

otitis media. pneumonia following flu. meningitis.

103
Q

toxins?

A

endotoxin. polysaccaride capsule allows it to evade immune system.

104
Q

prevention?

A

HIB vaccine.

Microbiology Unit C (1 decks)

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