Unit-Chapt 9

Question 1

Patriarch/property marriage

Answer 1

a model in marriage in which women and children are owned by men.

Question 2

Breadwinner/homemaker marriage

Answer 2

a model of marriage that involves a wage-earning spouse supporting a stay-at-home spouse and children.

Question 3

Family wage

Answer 3

an income, paid to a man, that is large enough to support a nonworking wife and children.

Question 4

Ideology of separate spheres

Answer 4

an idea that the home is a feminine space best tended by women and work is a masculine space best suited for men.

Question 5

Heteronormative

Answer 5

promoting heterosexuality as the only or preferred sexual identity, making other sexual desires invisible or casting them as inferior.

Question 6

Mononormative

Answer 6

promoting monogamy, or the requirement that spouses have sexual relations only with each other.

Question 7

Pro-natal

Answer 7

promoting childbearing and stigmatizing, choosing to go child-free.

Question 8

Partnership unions

Answer 8

a relationship model based on love and companionship between equals.

Question 9

Sexism

Answer 9

the production of unjust outcomes for people perceived to be biologically female.

Question 10

Androcentrism

Answer 10

the production of unjust outcomes for people who perform femininity.

Question 11

Subordinated masculinities

Answer 11

men who are seen as lesser based on the androcentric logic that masculine is better than feminine.

Question 12

Marginalized masculinities

Answer 12

men are perceived to be sufficiently masculine but are considered lesser by virtue of another social identity.

Question 13

Hegemonic masculinity

Answer 13

the form of masculinity that constitutes the most widely admired and rewarded kind of person in any given culture.

Question 14

Second shift

Answer 14

the unpaid work of housekeeping and childcare that faces family members once they return home from their paid jobs.

Question 15

Time-use diary

Answer 15

a research method in which participants are asked to self-report their activities at regular intervals over at least 24 hours.

Question 16

Ideal worker norm

Answer 16

the idea that an employee should devote themselves to their jobs wholly and without the distraction of family responsibilities.

Question 17

Greedy institutions

Answer 17

ones that take up a great deal of time and energy.

Question 18

Shared division of labor

Answer 18

one in which both partners do an equal share of paid and unpaid work.

Question 19

Specialized division of labor

Answer 19

one in which one partner does more paid work than childcare and housework and the other does the inverse.

Question 20

Cult of domesticity

Answer 20

the idea that women could and should wholeheartedly embrace the work of making a loving home.

Question 21

Ideology of intensive motherhood

Answer 21

the idea that children require concentrated maternal investment.

Question 22

Helicopter parenting

Answer 22

entered the English language in 1990, reflects and mocks the expectation of the Ideology of intensive motherhood.

Question 23

Feminization of poverty

Answer 23

a concentration of women, trans women, gay, bisexual, and gender non-conforming men at the bottom of the income scale and a concentration of gender-conforming, heterosexual, cisgender men at the top.

Question 24

Glass escalator

Answer 24

an invisible ride to the top offered to men in female-dominated occupations.

Question 25

Job segregation

Answer 25

the sorting of people with different social identities into separate occupations.

Question 26

Androcentric pay scale

Answer 26

a positive correlation between the number of men in an occupation relative to women and the wages paid to employees.

Question 27

Care work

Answer 27

work that involves face-to-face caretaking of the physical, emotional, and educational needs of others – is the least valued.

Question 28

Male flight

Answer 28

a phenomenon in which men start abandoning an activity when women start adopting it.

Question 29

Stalled revolution

Answer 29

a phrase that refers to a sweeping change in gender relations that started but has yet to be fully realized.

Question 30

Freedom/power paradox

Answer 30

Women have more freedom than men but less power, and men have more power than women but less freedom.

Question 31

Domestic outsourcing

Answer 31

paying non-family members to do family-related tasks.

Question 32

Global care chains

Answer 32

a series of nurturing relationships in which the international work of care is displaced onto increasingly disadvantaged paid or unpaid workers.