UNIT D - Ch6 Biochemistry

Question 1

What is biochemistry?

Answer 1

The study of chemical processes within and related to living organisms.

Question 2

True or False: Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of life is the __________.

Answer 3

cell

Question 4

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Answer 5

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a carbohydrate? A) Glucose B) Enzyme C) DNA D) Hormone

Answer 6

A) Glucose

Question 7

What is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Answer 7

To lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction.

Question 8

True or False: All enzymes are specific to a particular substrate.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is a substrate?

Answer 9

The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The energy required to start a chemical reaction is called __________ energy.

Answer 10

activation

Question 11

What is the role of ATP in cells?

Answer 11

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a lipid? A) Triglyceride B) Phospholipid C) Glycogen D) Cholesterol

Answer 12

C) Glycogen

Question 13

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

To provide energy.

Question 14

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 14

Polypeptides, peptides, amino acids

Question 15

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 15

Amino acids.

Question 16

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 16

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 17

What is the main function of lipids?

Answer 17

Energy storage

Question 18

What organisms is glycogen stored in?

Answer 18

Animals

Question 19

What is the main function of nucleic acids?

Answer 19

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 20

What type of bond links amino acids together?

Answer 20

Peptide bonds.

Question 21

True or False: Lipids are hydrophilic.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Monosaccharides.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The three-dimensional shape of a protein is referred to as its __________ structure.

Answer 23

tertiary

Question 24

What is an enzyme’s active site?

Answer 24

The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds.

Question 25

True or False: All proteins function as enzymes.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The main type of lipid found in cell membranes is __________.

Answer 26

phospholipids

Question 27

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 27

DNA and RNA.

Question 28

True or False: Enzymes can be affected by temperature and pH.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the __________ of a protein.

Answer 29

sequence of amino acids

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Catalyzing reactions B) Storing genetic information C) Providing structure D) Transporting molecules

Answer 30

B) Storing genetic information.

Question 31

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 31

Nucleotides.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The structural formula of a lipid typically includes a _______ backbone.

Answer 32

Glycerol.

Question 33

A saturated lipid has ___________ double bonds between carbons and is called a _________

Answer 33

No, Fat

Question 34

What are the 3 main polysaccharides?

Answer 34

Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose

Question 35

An unsaturated lipid has __________ double bonds between carbons and is called ___________

Answer 35

Some, Oil

Question 36

An anabolic reaction... Ex?

Answer 36

Creates larger molecules from smaller ones Dehydration synthesis

Question 37

A catabolic reaction... Ex?

Answer 37

Breaks larger molecules into smaller ones Hydrolysis

Question 38

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 38

A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base (ATCG)

Question 39

What macromolecules end in "-ose"?

Answer 39

Carbohydrates

Question 40

In the monomers of carbs, CHO is in a _:_:_ ratio

Answer 40

1:2:1 (C6H12O6)

Question 41

What elements are in carbs?

Answer 41

CHO

Question 42

What elements are in lipids?

Answer 42

CHO

Question 43

What elements are in nucleic acids?

Answer 43

CHOPN

Question 44

What elements are in proteins?

Answer 44

CHONS

Question 45

What two structures can carbs exist as?

Answer 45

Rings (hexagon) and branches

Question 46

Starch is how _____ store energy

Answer 46

Plants

Question 47

Can cellulose be broken down by humans? Why (not)?

Answer 47

NO. We don't have the enzyme needed to break it down.

Question 48

What are the two components of lipids?

Answer 48

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 49

Fat is an _______ lipid, Oil is an _______ lipid

Answer 49

Animal, plant

Question 50

What are waxes?

Answer 50

Long chain fatty acids joined to long chain alcohols or carbon rings

Question 51

Examples of lipids

Answer 51

Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, anabolic steroids

Question 52

What and how many amino acids can only be obtained from the diet?

Answer 52

8 essential amino acids

Question 53

Describe the structure of primary proteins

Answer 53

linear arrangement (polypeptide)

Question 54

Describe the structure of secondary proteins

Answer 54

helical coils

Question 55

Describe the structure of tertiary proteins

Answer 55

small clumps

Question 56

Describe the structure of quaternary proteins

Answer 56

large clumps

Question 57

What is the rule of proteins?

Answer 57

STRUCTURE DETERMINES FUNCTION

Question 58

What's protein denaturation?

Answer 58

The protein unfolds, becoming biologically inactive TEMPORARILY

Question 59

What's coagulation?

Answer 59

The protein unfolds, becoming biologically inactive PERMANENTLY

Question 60

heat, pH change, enzyme action, and radiation are all possible causes of _____________ and ____________

Answer 60

protein denaturation coagulation

Question 61

what kind of molecules end in -"ase"?

Answer 61

enzymes

Question 62

Enzymes just ___________ the speed of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis inside the cell

Answer 62

increase

Question 63

What are the 6 factors affecting enzyme activity?

Answer 63

1. temperature 2. pH 3. concentration of substrate 4. concentration of enzyme 5. competitive inhibitors 6. non-competitive inhibitors

Question 64

What factor of enzyme activity does "point of saturation" refer to?

Answer 64

Concentration of substrate

Question 65

Competitive inhibitors effect is _________, while non-competitive inhibitors effect is ___________

Answer 65

Reversible Irreversible

Question 66

Two ways that non-competitive inhibition works is...

Answer 66

Block the active site on the enzyme Cause a permanent conformation on the enzyme

Question 67

The on/off switching of enzymes to maintain homeostasis is called...

Answer 67

negative feedback mechanism or feedback inhibition

Question 68

What test detects the presence of monosaccharides? What is the colour change?

Answer 68

Benedict’s Reagent. Blue to green/yellow/orange

Question 69

What test detects the presence of starch? What is the colour change?

Answer 69

Iodine Test. Amber to black/blue

Question 70

What test detects the presence of proteins? What is the colour change?

Answer 70

Biuret Test. Light blue to purple

Question 71

What test detects the presence of lipids? What is the colour change?

Answer 71

1. Sudan IV. Clear/light pink to dark pink/red 2. Translucence Test. Dries opaque or stays translucent