UNIT D2 FLASHCARDS: Circulation, Immunity, Excretion

Question 1

Open System

Answer 1

A system consisting of a pump (heart) and a series of open blood vessels.
This is only effective in small organisms
(Insects)

Question 2

Closed System

Answer 2

A system consisting of a pump and blood vessels that continually enclose and transport blood.
Large multicellular organisms require a large and very efficient transport system for gasses, nutrients and wastes

Question 3

Pulmonary Circulatory system

Answer 3

carries blood to and from the lungs

Question 4

Cardiac circulatory system

Answer 4

Carries blood to and from the heart

Question 5

Systematic Circulatory system

Answer 5

Carries blood to and from the body

Question 6

Superior vena cava

Answer 6

A vein that brings blood from the upper body towards the heart.
Vena Cava is the largest vein in your body, it is also low in oxygen.

Question 7

Inferior vena cava

Answer 7

A vein that brings blood from the lower body towards the heart, low in oxygen

Question 8

Right Atrium

Answer 8

A thin muscular walled chamber that receives blood from the body

Question 9

Right ventrical

Answer 9

A muscular chamber that receives blood from the right atrium

Question 10

Semi Lunar Valve

Answer 10

A small valve that prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery

Question 11

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 11

Arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs

ONLY ARTERY LOW IN OXYGEN

Question 12

Pulmonary veins

Answer 12

Veins that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
The pulmonary vein us the only vein high in oxygen

Question 13

Left atrium

Answer 13

A small muscular chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary veins

Question 14

Left Ventrical

Answer 14

The most muscular chamber of the heart that sends blood to the aorta

Question 15

Aorta

Answer 15

The largest artery of the body that carries blood out to the body and the heart

Question 16

Atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

Answer 16

Large one-way valve that prevent backflow into the aorta

Question 17

Chordae Tendina

Answer 17

Tendons anchored to the heart and AV valve. These are necessary to counter the tremendous back pressure generated by ventricle contraction

Question 18

SA Node

Answer 18

A bundle of nerve tissue known as the “pacemaker”, this sends a nerve signal across the atrium

Question 19

AV Node

Answer 19

A bundle of nerve tissue that receives a nerve signal to the bundle of His

Question 20

The Bundle of His

Answer 20

Nerve fibers that transfer a signal down the septum to the Purkinje Fibers

Question 21

Punkinje Fibers

Answer 21

Nerve fibers that transfer a signal across the ventricle walls. thus causes a strong connection of the ventricle walls.

Question 22

What is an ECG? (electrocardiogram)

Answer 22

it records the electrical activity of the heart over time

Question 23

what makes the LUB sound?

Answer 23

When the AV valves close

Question 24

What makes the DUB sound?

Answer 24

When the semilunar valves close

Question 25

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 25

The accumulation of plaque along arterial walls causing the blood vessels to harden and a restriction of blood flow

Question 26

Plaque

Answer 26

A substance that accumulates in stages. over time lipids combine to create plaque

Question 27

Coronary Angioplasty

Answer 27

Is the surgical widening of coronary arteries using a catheter and a ballon to widen the blocked area and inserting a metal stent

Question 28

Coronary bypass

Answer 28

the removal of a vein from another part of the body and grafting it onto the heart

Question 29

Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 29

Uncontrollable beating of the heart

Question 30

Arteries

Answer 30

Carry blood AWAY from heart thick elastic walls which recoil after blood pulse passes through arteries have highest pressure and velocity

Question 31

Capillaries

Answer 31

capillaries walls are one cell thick these vessels allow for exchange of water, gasses, nutrients and wastes so narrow red blood cells pass by one at a time greatest surface area and lowest velocity

Question 32

Veins

Answer 32

veins go TOWARD the heart they have thin smooth muscle walls have the lowest pressure contains VALVES

Question 33

Vein movement blood

Answer 33

one way valves to prevent blood flow, when valves are weakened its called varicose veins or (spider veins) they are veins that have been backed up

Question 34

arterioles

Answer 34

connect capillaries to veins

Question 35

ventricles

Answer 35

connect capillaries to veins

Question 36

what is the average blood pressure

Answer 36

120/80 120 = systolic, 80 = diastolic

Question 37

components of blood

Answer 37

three main components: Plasma 55% WBC and platelets 1 % RBC 44%

Question 38

Red blood cells

Answer 38

originate from red bone marrow appx 5.5 mil for males and 4.5 for females carry oxygen and carbon dioxide lifespan of 120 days

Question 39

white blood cells (granulocytes and monocytes)

Answer 39

origin from red bone marrow appx 6000 in a human engulf foreign particles lifespan of a few hours to a few days

Question 40

white blood cells (lymphocytes)

Answer 40

Origin from thymus and red bone marrow appx 2000 in a human form antibodies lifespan unknown

Question 41

Platelets

Answer 41

originate from red bone marrow and lungs appx 250 000 in a human clot blood life span of 2-8 days