Unit Exam 4

Question 1

Which of the following individuals is most likely to apply Taylor’s tend-and-befriend response?

Select one:

a. a calm, contented female
b. a stressed female
c. a stressed male
d. a calm, contented male

Answer 1

b. a stressed female

Question 2

Which of the following is true of emotional responses to stress?

Select one:

a. They are always negative emotions.
b. They typically alternate between positive and negative emotions.
c. They are more intense in women than in men.
d. They may be either positive or negative emotions.

Answer 2

d. They may be either positive or negative emotions.

Question 3

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body go into after the body’s unsuccessful first attempt at dealing with a stressor?

Select one:

a. sympathetic
b. alarm
c. third
d. resistance

Answer 3

d. resistance

Question 4

Dustin was driving his car on an icy road when the back end started to skid out of control. His car crossed the centre line, and he could see the headlights of rapidly approaching, oncoming traffic. His entire body became energized. His heart rate and respiration increased, and he began to perspire profusely. According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, what was Dustin experiencing?

Select one:

a. an alarm reaction
b. physiological exhaustion
c. autonomic rebound
d. a resistance reaction

Answer 4

a. an alarm reaction

Question 5

Nora has just noticed a big scary dog running toward her. What is happening in her brain?

Select one:

a. Her pituitary gland is activating the hypothalamus.
b. Her cerebellum is activating the autonomic nervous system.
c. Her thalamus is activating the pituitary gland.
d. Her hypothalamus is activating the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 5

d. Her hypothalamus is activating the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 6

Len is worried about his heart and also about the effects of stress. Which of the following would you recommend to help with both of those concerns?

Select one:

a. regular exercise
b. vitamin A supplements
c. hypnosis
d. low-carb diet

Answer 6

a. regular exercise

Question 7

Which of the following is supported by most current research on change and stress?

Select one:

a. Too much change of whatever sort automatically makes one more vulnerable to physical and psychological problems.
b. Keeping change to a minimum is an effective way to avoid the harmful effects of stress.
c. Change is not inherently or inevitably stressful.
d. Both positive and negative changes are equally stressful.

Answer 7

c. Change is not inherently or inevitably stressful.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning the effects of stress is MOST accurate?

Select one:

a. Stress can promote personal growth and self-improvement.
b. Compared to women, men are more vulnerable to the effects of chronic stress.
c. People show positive stress reactions only when they have strong social support.
d. The effects of stress are uniformly negative.

Answer 8

a. Stress can promote personal growth and self-improvement.

Question 9

David is driven, ambitious, and competitive. His doctor says that he is at risk for having a heart attack. Which of the following terms describes David?

Select one:

a. external personality
b. Type A personality
c. Type B personality
d. internal personality

Answer 9

b. Type A personality

Question 10

Sonja worked out five days a week when she was in her late teens. In her twenties, she worked out three days a week. Now she is in her forties, and she seems to work out only occasionally, when she has the time. Which of the following trends does Sonja’s pattern of behaviour illustrate?

Select one:

a. Many health-impairing habits creep up on people.
b. People often underestimate the risks associated with their own health-impairing behaviours.
c. The risks associated with health-impairing habits tend to lie in the distant future.
d. Many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time.

Answer 10

a. Many health-impairing habits creep up on people.

Question 11

What does research have to say about the general effect on health of everyday problems and minor nuisances?

Select one:

a. Minor stresses produce minor effects.
b. Minor stresses may have significant harmful effects on both physical and mental health.
c. Minor stresses often have significant harmful effects on mental health, but don’t affect physical health.
d. Minor stresses have negative effects only when coupled with major stresses.

Answer 11

b. Minor stresses may have significant harmful effects on both physical and mental health.

Question 12

A police officer gives you a speeding ticket, and you take out your frustration and anger on your roommate. The term for this diversion of anger to a substitute target is

Select one:

a. reaction formation.
b. displacement.
c. catharsis.
d. overcompensation.

Answer 12

b. displacement.

Question 13

Pete is the lead prosecution attorney in a murder case. So far the case has not been going well for him, and the defense attorneys have presented effective rebuttals for most of the points he has raised. The judge adjourned the case for the weekend, and Pete will have to present his closing arguments first thing Monday morning. While he is trying to write his closing statement, he daydreams about a surprise eyewitness to the crime suddenly stepping forward and clinching the case for him. Which processes are illustrated by this example?

Select one:

a. He is experiencing conflict, and he is using undoing to deal with the anxiety the conflict has generated.
b. He is experiencing frustration, and he is using fantasy to deal with the anxiety the frustration has generated.
c. He is experiencing frustration, and he is using intellectualization to deal with the anxiety the frustration has generated.
d. He is experiencing conflict, and he is using overcompensation to deal with the anxiety the conflict has generated.

Answer 13

b. He is experiencing frustration, and he is using fantasy to deal with the anxiety the frustration has generated.

Question 14

Dionne is trapped in an elevator that is stuck between the third and fourth floors of an office building. As maintenance workers try to restart the elevator, it suddenly drops 10 feet before becoming stuck again. As the elevator drops, Dionne’s sympathetic nervous system is activated. What happens next?

Select one:

a. The adrenal cortex will begin to release large amounts of catecholamines.
b. The adrenal medulla will begin to release corticosteroids.
c. The amygdala will slow the release of acetylcholine.
d. The adrenal medulla will begin to release large amounts of catecholamines.

Answer 14

d. The adrenal medulla will begin to release large amounts of catecholamines.

Question 15

What type of conflict are you experiencing if you cannot decide whether to submit to back surgery, which you dread, or to continue to live with the pain, which you sometimes find unbearable?

Select one:

a. approach-avoidance
b. approach-approach
c. double approach-avoidance
d. avoidance-avoidance

Answer 15

d. avoidance-avoidance

Question 16

Rosemary recently married her high school sweetheart, and they moved into a wonderful new condominium. A week after the move, Rosemary was offered a job that she had been hoping she would get. Rosemary can’t imagine being any happier. According to Holmes and Rahe, what is Rosemary experiencing?

Select one:

a. a high level of stress
b. an approach-approach conflict
c. overcompensation
d. little or no stress

Answer 16

a. a high level of stress

Question 17

Which of the following is supported by evidence on the benefits of exercise for reducing disease risk?

Select one:

a. Competitive sports are best, because the focus on winning leads to the most adaptive responses.
b. High amounts of exercise will make you immune to stress.
c. Maintaining an exercise regimen is important for young adults, but the benefits decline as we age.
d. Moderate amounts of exercise reduce your overall risk of disease.

Answer 17

d. Moderate amounts of exercise reduce your overall risk of disease.

Question 18

According to Freudian theory, what is the purpose of defense mechanisms?

Select one:

a. to constructively cope with stress
b. to work through problems
c. to enhance self-insight
d. to deceive oneself

Answer 18

d. to deceive oneself

Question 19

Why is it a problem that some individuals tend to delay medical assessment?

Select one:

a. It reduces the rapport between physicians and patients.
b. It leads to backlogs in emergency rooms when people finally do seek consultation.
c. It reduces the likelihood of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
d. It leads to an increase in the use of homeopathic therapies that are dangerous.

Answer 19

c. It reduces the likelihood of early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding HIV and AIDS?

Select one:

a. Many highly sexually active heterosexuals underestimate their risk for HIV infection.
b. Due to recent efforts to educate the public, misconceptions about AIDS have all but disappeared.
c. Many people naïvely underestimate the risk of contracting the HIV virus through casual contact with infected individuals.
d. Taking high doses of immunosuppressants can successfully treat HIV infections and prevent full-blown AIDS from developing.

Answer 20

a. Many highly sexually active heterosexuals underestimate their risk for HIV infection.

Question 21

Which of the following models goes with the concept that abnormal behaviour is the result of a disease?

Select one:

a. psychological
b. humanistic
c. medical
d. behavioural

Answer 21

c. medical

Question 22

Jim came home from the office trembling, irritable, unable to concentrate, experiencing shortness of breath, and worrying about whether his business would still be open next week, despite the fact that his business was evidencing its highest profit ever. Which of the following disorders is MOST consistent with these symptoms?

Select one:

a. generalized anxiety disorder
b. phobic disorder
c. minor psychotic break
d. major depression

Answer 22

a. generalized anxiety disorder

Question 23

Which of the following is TRUE of people who suffer from an obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Select one:

a. They can be treated with a form of aversive conditioning.
b. They feel they have lost control of their thoughts or actions.
c. They need to be institutionalized, as they cannot function in society in an appropriate manner.
d. They find their thoughts and acts reassuring.

Answer 23

b. They feel they have lost control of their thoughts or actions.

Question 24

Darlene can’t stop thinking about her own flaws and failures. She replays negative events over and over in her mind, and worries constantly about her lack of motivation. Which of the following is illustrated in this example?

Select one:

a. anhedonia
b. rumination
c. compulsion
d. perfectionism

Answer 24

b. rumination

Question 25

The legal status of insanity indicates that Select one: a. a person has a chronic mental illness that is not responsive to treatment. b. an individual is dangerous to himself or herself, or to others. c. a defendant is unable to understand the nature and purpose of legal proceedings. d. a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness.

Answer 25

d. a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness.

Question 26

Jose has a psychological disorder for which his doctor has prescribed a drug that affects both the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in Jose’s nervous system. Based on this information, Jose is most likely being treated for Select one: a. depression. b. personality disorder. c. schizophrenia. d. dissociative disorder.

Answer 26

a. depression.

Question 27

Treit’s best friend was seriously injured in a car accident last month. Since that time, Treit has been attending all his classes, but he is unable to pay attention because he is constantly thinking about his friend. Treit finds he can’t seem to think about anything else, and he is frequently overwhelmed by feelings of helplessness. Which of the following terms best describes Treit’s feelings? Select one: a. culturally deviant b. personally distressing c. delusional d. compulsive

Answer 27

b. personally distressing

Question 28

Charlotte is in a heightened emotional state and hasn’t been sleeping much lately. Also, she is making plans to solve the world’s hunger problems while simultaneously composing music (even though she’s never had musical training). Which disorder is MOST consistent with Charlotte’s symptoms? Select one: a. antisocial personality disorder b. seasonal affective disorder c. bipolar disorder d. dissociative identity disorder

Answer 28

c. bipolar disorder

Question 29

Klaus alternates between periods in which he remains motionless and seems oblivious to his environment, and periods of hyperactivity and frenzied excitement. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Klaus’s symptoms? Select one: a. undifferentiated schizophrenia b. catatonic schizophrenia c. paranoid schizophrenia d. disorganized schizophrenia

Answer 29

b. catatonic schizophrenia

Question 30

Johanna was somewhat surprised when her study partner postponed a study session because he had an appointment with his psychotherapist. When she was talking to a friend about the postponed study session, she commented, “I have been working on projects with this student for several months now, and he has never shown any signs of having a psychological disorder.” Johanna’s comment suggests that she holds which of the following inaccurate stereotypes? Select one: a. People with psychological disorders are often dangerous. b. The mental health system has a powerful bias toward seeing pathology in everyone. c. Psychological disorders are incurable. d. People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.

Answer 30

d. People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.

Question 31

Thomas Szasz criticized the medical model. What was his major complaint? Select one: a. The model is not well understood by its practitioners. b. Uniformity of behaviour patterns cannot be established from the medical model viewpoint. c. No evidence exists to support the efficiency of the medical model’s treatment approaches. d. Most abnormal behaviour reflects a moral judgment about what is socially acceptable or unacceptable behaviour.

Answer 31

d. Most abnormal behaviour reflects a moral judgment about what is socially acceptable or unacceptable behaviour.

Question 32

Which disorder is characterized by worry and fear, muscle tension, trembling, faintness, and difficulty in concentrating? Select one: a. conversion disorder b. dissociative disorder c. paranoid disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 32

d. generalized anxiety disorder

Question 33

Grayson seems to be preoccupied with the possibility that he might miss an important message from someone in his family. He checks for new messages on his phone every 15 minutes. Which of the following terms BEST describes this behaviour? Select one: a. compulsion b. obsession c. hallucination d. delusion

Answer 33

a. compulsion

Question 34

Elise is so terrified of enclosed places that she had to quit her new job because her office had no windows. She knows that her fear is irrational, but she can’t seem to control her anxiety. Which of the following disorders is MOST consistent with Elise’s symptoms? Select one: a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. phobic disorder c. conversion disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 34

b. phobic disorder

Question 35

Which brain feature is suggested to have an association with chronic schizophrenic disturbance, based on research with higher order scans and MRI scans? Select one: a. shrunken hippocampal regions b. enlarged temporal lobes c. atrophied cells in the corpus callosum d. enlarged brain ventricles

Answer 35

d. enlarged brain ventricles

Question 36

Selena constantly thinks about climbing up the stairs to the roof of her building and jumping into the street below. Selena’s uncontrollable thoughts could be considered an example of Select one: a. obsession. b. delusion. c. compulsion. d. hallucination.

Answer 36

a. obsession.

Question 37

Antero always seems to be grumpy and irritable. He has a poor self-image and is usually socially withdrawn. Although he never feels totally dejected and out of control, he feels that life is not very exciting or enjoyable. Which disorder is MOST consistent with Antero’s symptoms? Select one: a. generalized anxiety disorder b. dysthymic disorder c. cyclothymic disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

Answer 37

b. dysthymic disorder

Question 38

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the sudden onset of anxiety that is recurrent and intense? Select one: a. panic disorder b. paranoid disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. phobic disorder

Answer 38

a. panic disorder

Question 39

What is characteristic of the NEGATIVE symptoms in schizophrenia? Select one: a. behavioural deficits such as flattened emotion, apathy, and poverty of speech b. behavioural excesses such as hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behaviour c. antisocial behaviours such as violence and rage d. dissociative behaviours and the emergence of multiple personalities

Answer 39

a. behavioural deficits such as flattened emotion, apathy, and poverty of speech

Question 40

Chris always expects special treatment, and he seems to be preoccupied with his own success. His interpersonal relationships are generally superficial because he seems to lack the ability to understand how others feel. Which of the following personality disorders is MOST consistent with Chris’s personality? Select one: a. avoidant b. narcissistic c. obsessive-compulsive d. schizotypal

Answer 40

b. narcissistic

Question 41

Whenever she feels neglected and ignored by her girlfriend, Thelma goes to a nightclub and flirts with dozens of men. What coping mechanism would Freud suggest that Thelma is using in this example? Select one: a.  overcompensation b.  undoing  c.  fantasy d.  intellectualization

Answer 41

a. overcompensation

Question 42

Mary and John are teaming up to make an important sales presentation to 15 executives from a Fortune 500 company. Mary finds the challenge exhilarating, but John is a nervous wreck. Which of your text’s unifying themes is illustrated by their different reactions? Select one: a.  Psychology is empirical. b.  Psychology is theoretically diverse. c.  Behaviour is determined by multiple causes. d.  Our experience of the world is highly subjective. 

Answer 42

d. Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 43

Question 3 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is a personality characteristic that is correlated with good physical health? Select one: a.  extraversion b.  conscientiousness  c.  agreeableness d.  openness

Answer 43

b. conscientiousness 

Question 44

Why might minor stresses be more strongly related to mental health than major stressful events? Select one: a.  People feel more out of control with minor stresses than with major stresses. b.  People are much more intimately involved with minor stresses. c.  Minor stresses lead to more intense physiological arousal than major stresses. d.  Stress has cumulative effects

Answer 44

d. Stress has cumulative effects

Question 45

A friend shows you an article in the newspaper that indicates that a researcher found the prevalence of a specific health disorder increased by 70 per cent in individuals who consumed calcium-enhanced milk products. After reading this article, your friend has decided to stop purchasing any products that contain calcium. Based on information provided in Chapter 13 of your textbook, what should you tell your friend? Select one: a.  She has made an excellent choice, because 70 per cent is a statistically significant increase in risk. b.  The reported increase may not be important if the base rate of the disorder is quite low. c.  The reported increase probably excludes a number of factors, so the risk may actually be greater than 70 per cent.  d.  It is necessary only to cut out milk products, but there is no need to cut out other products that might also contain calcium.

Answer 45

b. The reported increase may not be important if the base rate of the disorder is quite low.

Question 46

In the context of stress research, what does the term frustration refer to? Select one: a.  being caught between two incompatible motives b.  being expected to live up to high standards of performance c.  the most frequent emotional response to aggression d.  being blocked in the pursuit of a desired goal 

Answer 46

d. being blocked in the pursuit of a desired goal 

Question 47

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a barrier to effective provider-patient communication? Select one: a.  the health care provider’s use of technical terminology b.  time constraints on the length of the provider-patient interaction c.  patient evasiveness about real health concerns d.  consulting a health care provider who is not the same sex as the patient 

Answer 47

d. consulting a health care provider who is not the same sex as the patient 

Question 48

What is involved in catastrophic thinking? Select one: a.  exaggeration of the magnitude of one’s problems  b.  personality-disordered type of thinking c.  focusing on major stressors and ignoring the impact of minor frustrations d.  thinking associated with neuroticism

Answer 48

a. exaggeration of the magnitude of one’s problems 

Question 49

Julie’s father borrowed her car to run some errands. When he returned the car, the tail light was broken. Julie was angry, but she didn’t say anything to her father. Later, when her son dropped cookie crumbs on the floor, Julie yelled at him and sent him to his room with no supper. Julie’s behaviour toward her son illustrates Select one: a.  displacement.  b.  self-indulgence. c.  undoing. d.  overcompensation.

Answer 49

a. displacement.

Question 50

Which component of Type A personality is MOST strongly linked to the risk of coronary heart disease? Select one: a.  low self-esteem b.  anger and hostility  c.  competitiveness d.  impatience and time urgency

Answer 50

b. anger and hostility 

Question 51

Megan is looking at the ballot form for a citywide referendum and trying to decide whether or not to support the proposed change. If the referendum passes, there will be better services available for all the city residents, but it will also mean that residents will pay increased property taxes. What type of conflict is Megan facing as she tries to decide whether to support the proposed referendum? Select one: a.  approach-approach b.  frustration-pressure c.  no-win  d.  approach-avoidance

Answer 51

d. approach-avoidance

Question 52

Yacov has just been told by his parents that he is expected to maintain a straight-A average this year because they want him to be able to go to medical school like all the other men in his family Yacov does not really want to go to medical school. What is Yacov experiencing? Select one: a.  pressure to perform b.  frustration c.  both pressure to perform and pressure to conform  d.  pressure to conform

Answer 52

c. both pressure to perform and pressure to conform 

Question 53

Steve was excited when he finally landed the lead role in one of the community theatre productions. He has been rehearsing his part for the past two months, but on the day that the play is scheduled to open, Steve awakens with a bad case of laryngitis, and he is unable to perform in the play. What is Steve most likely experiencing at this time? Select one: a.  frustration  b.  conflict c.  pressure d.  burnout

Answer 53

a. frustration 

Question 54

Mickey is an impatient, highly competitive individual who is easily provoked into angry confrontations. He is suspicious and distrusting of most of the people he works with. According to research conducted by Friedman and Rosenman, Mickey is at risk for Select one: a.  ulcers and stomach disorders. b.  asthma and other respiratory ailments. c.  high blood pressure and coronary heart disease.  d.  a number of different types of cancer.

Answer 54

c. high blood pressure and coronary heart disease.

Question 55

Clarice was in a meeting with several other employees when her boss started to criticize a proposal Clarice had put together for the marketing department. As he started his critique, Clarice’s heart rate and respiration increased, and she could feel her face and hands become flushed and red. According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, what was Clarice experiencing? Select one: a.  physiological exhaustion b.  an alarm reaction  c.  autonomic rebound d.  a resistance reaction

Answer 55

b. an alarm reaction 

Question 56

Which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion one can draw about Type A behaviour and the risk of coronary heart disease? Select one: a.  The Type A person is six times more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease than the Type B person.  b.  The Type A person is more resistant to coronary heart disease than the Type B person. c.  The relationship between the two seems more modest than originally thought, with Type A behaviour increasing coronary risk only for some. d.  As it turns out, there is actually very little connection between stress and coronary heart disease.

Answer 56

c. The relationship between the two seems more modest than originally thought, with Type A behaviour increasing coronary risk only for some.

Question 57

Which of the following is likely among people with higher scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale? Select one: a.  They react more negatively to stressful events. b.  They cope more effectively with long-term stressors associated with change.  c.  They are more vulnerable to physical illness and psychological problems. d.  They have a more external locus of control.

Answer 57

c. They are more vulnerable to physical illness and psychological problems.

Question 58

What is learned helplessness? Select one: a.  a release of emotional tension that often accompanies stress b.  protecting oneself from unpleasant situations by refusing to acknowledge them c.  passive behaviour produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events  d.  atoning for unacceptable unconscious drives or impulses in socially acceptable ways

Answer 58

c. passive behaviour produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events 

Question 59

Which of the following statements about risk factors for atherosclerosis is LEAST accurate? Select one: a.  High blood pressure is one of the established risk factors for atherosclerosis. b.  Having elevated cholesterol levels increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis. c.  Atherosclerosis is more prevalent in women than in men.  d.  The risk for developing atherosclerosis increases with age.

Answer 59

c. Atherosclerosis is more prevalent in women than in men.

Question 60

What is MOST likely to happen when people who are confronted by stressful situations engage in self-blame? Select one: a.  They show evidence of catharsis or displaced aggression. b.  They aggravate and perpetuate problematic emotional reactions to stress. c.  They find that their social support networks are strengthened. d.  They experience a decrease in their overall level of autonomic arousal.

Answer 60

b. They aggravate and perpetuate problematic emotional reactions to stress.

Question 61

Tina has been extremely hyperactive for the past week, and she has been getting by on only three hours of sleep per night. Her thoughts seem to be racing out of control, and she is convinced that the novel she started writing last week will become a bestseller and win a Pulitzer Prize, even though she has never had any of her writing published in the past. Which of the following is MOST consistent with Tina’s symptoms? Select one: a.  manic episode  b.  generalized anxiety disorder c.  dissociative fugue d.  dysthymic disorder

Answer 61

a. manic episode

Question 62

Scarlett has anorexia nervosa, and Bridget has bulimia nervosa. What should you predict for these girls based on the research into these two disorders? Select one: a.  Both individuals are likely to deny that their eating behaviour is pathological.  b.  Scarlett will be more likely than Bridget to recognize that her eating behaviour is pathological. c.  Both individuals will recognize that their eating behaviour is pathological, but neither will be willing to seek treatment. d.  Bridget will be more likely than Scarlett to recognize that her eating behaviour is pathological.

Answer 62

d. Bridget will be more likely than Scarlett to recognize that her eating behaviour is pathological.

Question 63

What is the basic type of disturbance associated with the schizophrenic disorders? Select one: a.  thought b.  motor function c.  emotion d.  perception 

Answer 63

a. thought

Question 64

Mayra has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed a drug that affects the levels of dopamine in her nervous system. Mayra is most likely being treated for Select one: a.  anxiety disorder. b.  schizophrenic disorder. c.  dissociative disorder. d.  mood disorder. 

Answer 64

b. schizophrenic disorder.

Question 65

Fifty-year-old Carina experiences rather unpredictable mood swings. Some days she is excited and happy; other days she is sad and withdrawn. Her symptoms seem fairly mild, but she has had mood swings of this type since she was in her early 20s. Which disorder is MOST consistent with Carina’s symptoms? Select one: a.  dysthymic disorder b.  cyclothymic disorder  c.  dissociative identity disorder d.  undifferentiated schizophrenia

Answer 65

b. cyclothymic disorder 

Question 66

Approximately what percentage of the individuals who develop either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are females? Select one: a.  90-95% b.  70-75%  c.  50-55% d.  20-25%

Answer 66

a. 90-95%

Question 67

Summer has anorexia nervosa and is slowly starving herself to death. When friends or family tell her to seek professional help, she tells them that she feels fine. She can’t understand why people won’t just leave her alone. Which of the following terms BEST describes Summer’s eating disorder? Select one: a.  personally distressing b.  delusional  c.  culturally deviant d.  maladaptive

Answer 67

d. maladaptive

Question 68

Kashi enjoys gambling so much that he does it every day. When he’s gambling, Kashi totally neglects his family and job. Which criterion of abnormality does Kashi’s behaviour satisfy most clearly? Select one: a.  persistence b.  maladaptive behaviour  c.  personal distress d.  deviance

Answer 68

b. maladaptive behaviour 

Question 69

Frank witnessed a horrible car accident but cannot remember anything about it. Which of the following disorders is associated with Frank’s experience? Select one: a.  conversion disorder b.  dissociative amnesia  c.  psychosis-induced repression d.  dissociative fugue

Answer 69

b. dissociative amnesia 

Question 70

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from Rosenhan’s study that used pseudopatients? Select one: a.  Most behaviour patterns are basically the same in people being diagnosed as abnormal. b.  The validity of diagnostic categories in DSM-IIV-TR is very suspect in distinguishing between normal and abnormal persons.  c.  Once a person has been diagnosed as abnormal, subsequent behaviour gets interpreted in a manner consistent with the diagnosis. d.  Distinguishing between schizophrenic subtypes is almost impossible.

Answer 70

c. Once a person has been diagnosed as abnormal, subsequent behaviour gets interpreted in a manner consistent with the diagnosis.

Question 71

Damian has brief attacks of overwhelming anxiety in which his heart pounds and he can’t control his breathing. He never knows when the next attack will occur. Which of the following disorders is MOST consistent with Damian’s symptoms? Select one: a.  conversion disorder b.  generalized anxiety disorder  c.  schizophrenia d.  panic disorder

Answer 71

d. panic disorder

Question 72

Jack hears voices and believes that he has supernatural powers. Which type of schizophrenic symptoms is appears MOST prevalent in Jack’s case? Select one: a.  disorganized b.  positive c.  undifferentiated  d.  negative

Answer 72

b. positive

Question 73

Michelle was giving a presentation to her class when suddenly the roof collapsed. Michelle was not injured herself, but she watched helplessly as many of her classmates were pinned under mounds of rubble. She saw horrific injuries, and several of her classmates were killed in the accident. What mental disorder is Michelle MOST likely to develop after such an event? Select one: a.  post-traumatic stress disorder  b.  panic disorder c.  nonspecific phobia disorder d.  generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 73

a. post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 74

Courtney has been diagnosed with depression. Which of the following would you expect to find if you were to look at an MRI image of her brain? Select one: a.  increased activation in the frontal lobes b.  enlarged ventricles c.  reduced hippocampal volume  d.  decreased activation in the limbic system

Answer 74

c. reduced hippocampal volume 

Question 75

Ruth was convicted of five separate counts of fraud. She had used her charm to persuade elderly pensioners to sign their life savings over to her. She confessed to the crimes, but she showed no remorse for her actions. She even bragged at the trial that she would do it all again when she had the chance. Which of the following disorders is consistent with Ruth’s behaviour? Select one: a.  narcissistic personality disorder  b.  avoidant personality disorder c.  antisocial personality disorder d.  bipolar disorder

Answer 75

c. antisocial personality disorder

Question 76

Charlie cannot tolerate heights. When walking up several flights of stairs, he breaks out in a cold sweat, shakes, and believes he is going to fall and seriously injure himself. Consequently, Charlie avoids any type of height at all costs. Which of the following disorders is MOST consistent with Charlie’s symptoms? Select one: a.  somatoform disorder b.  generalized anxiety disorder c.  phobic disorder  d.  panic disorder

Answer 76

c. phobic disorder 

Question 77

Which of the following represents the incidence rate of bipolar disorders in males and females? Select one: a.  Bipolar disorders occur nearly twice as frequently in women as in men. b.  Bipolar disorders occur with equal frequency in women and in men. c.  Bipolar disorders occur nearly twice as frequently in men as in women.  d.  Bipolar disorders occur nearly four times as frequently in women as in men.

Answer 77

b. Bipolar disorders occur with equal frequency in women and in men.

Question 78

What group of disorders is associated with emotional disturbances that affect one’s physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes? Select one: a.  dissociative disorder  b.  anxiety disorder c.  mood disorder d.  somatoform disorder

Answer 78

c. mood disorder

Question 79

Doris feels terrified every time she leaves her house, and avoids doing so whenever possible. Which of the following conditions is MOST consistent with Doris’s experience? Select one: a.  agoraphobia  b.  claustrophobia c.  generalized anxiety disorder d.  obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 79

a. agoraphobia 

Question 80

In his investigations of the cognitive factors that might contribute to depression, Seligman found that people with a pessimistic explanatory style are especially vulnerable to depression. To what do these individuals tend to attribute their setbacks? Select one: a.  external flaws  b.  global factors c.  situational factors d.  personal flaws

Answer 80

d. personal flaws