UNIT I EXAM Flashcards
(47 cards)
Basic Model of Communication
A source (the sender) encodes a message, sends the message through a channel to a receiver, receiver decodes the message and sends feedback to the source.
Form of Communication
- Intrapersonal - communication within yourself
- Interpersonal - One on One or to a small group, not always face to face not always verbal
- Group - One to a larger group
- Mass - One to many, traditionally one way, feedback is delayed and indirect, source is anonymous
Inferential Feedback
Inferred feedback (ratings)
Things that disrupt communication
- Noise - Internal (thoughts and distractions in your mind) and External (physical noise)
Linear model of communication
- Senders (authors, senders, publications)
- Message (programs, ads)
- Channel (TV, Books, Papers)
- Receivers (viewers, consumers)
- Feedback (message of receivers goes back to the senders)
- Gate Keepers (editors, executive producers, media managers)
Mass Communication
A process, not a thing
The process of designing and delivering cultural messages to diverse audiences through media channels, both old and new (ex. trump cultural message = America is shit and I’m change)
Mass Media
The means by which the process is done (channel of communication)
Culture
Symbols of expression, complexes of learned behaviors, patterns, and perceptions for individuals to make sense of daily life
Ritual Model
Not the act of imparting information but the representation of shared beliefs, why audience members consume media (ex. the bachelor - ritual of watching it with friends)
Publicity Model
Media message draws attention to a person, event or concept (ex. Janet Jacksons Nipple)
Reception Model
No Message can be interpreted as one single meaning because the receivers have difference backgrounds and opinions (ex. American Sniper)
Mass Comm Evolution is…
Historical development of media through several eras, all of which function because older means of communication do not go away, they evolve
Eras in Communication
- Oral/Written - spans thousands of years, oral rituals (traditions)…stories were only passed down by the wealthy elite and powerful
- Printed Communication - The Printing Press. With the printing press came a rise in literacy, a middle class and a resistance to authority and sense of individualism
- Electronic Communication - Industrial revolution, telegraph, telephone, radio, TV (was so popular because it all sense come together)
- Digital Communication - 80’s and 90’s (after the invention of the internet)
Media Convergence
Developments in the electronic and digital eras ushered in media convergence, which describes all the changes currently occurring in media content within media companies (ex. Disney, ATT)
Fake News
- Pure Fake News - People making shit up (someone believes it somewhere because it applies to them)
- Hoax Sites - Fake websites to get you to give something over (money, id etc..)
- Satirical Sites - Sites like the Onion
Point of Fake News is to get a reaction, make you do something and entertainment
Post Truth
Denoting circumstances of truth because we feel that we already know the truth
Most News is not simply fake because…
- Journalists get stuff wrong
- Stories may not offer full truth
- Stories in process lack wisdom of hindsight and miss the context
- Stories may tell small part of larger story at the moment of publish
- While some admit bias, others do not
- Media is left or right leaning
All media is….
Constructed and must be asked who created it (reliable source), what is its purpose (inform or persuade), and what assumptions and beliefs do the creator have?
To find who created it…
- Interrogate URL
- Back to the source
- About me pages
Media is always after…
Money and determines who is shown in a certain light
Media Literacy
Is not being able to use a platform but using tools to filter and get real news
Mass Comm Research
About the media and audience (model = Media – Effect – Audience)
Started being studied in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s (ex. Hitler and War on Worlds)
Mass Comm Theories
- Hypodermic Needle/Magic Bullet Theory- Instance effect because the media is direct, uniform and powerful and the audience is passive (model = Media – Effect – Passive Audience)
- Selective Exposure Theory - Active audience selectively choose what we expose ourselves to (model = Audience – Media, Media, Media etc…)
- Uses and Gratification Theory - Audience exposes themselves to the media based on the gratification they receive from it (funny interesting, thought provoking)
- Selective Engagement/Processing - Each individual varies in how much attention they devote to each media message (model = Audience (what we create) – Media (what we engage in) – Audience (what happens when were face to face) (ex. Beauty standard)
- Dual Process of Persuasion Theory - Model = Identity&Needs – Media Selections – Processing – Application – Indentity&Needs
Social Comparison
Beauty Standard, varies person to person, how much a person compares themselves to media messages
