UNIT II EXAM Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Music has the ability to …
A
- Shape our identity
- Comfort during transition
- Leads to social change
2
Q
The importance of music in adolescent age…
A
- Our brains bind us to music we heard as teenagers more tightly than anything we’ll hear as adults which is why music matters
- Youth 15-24 have been agents of change in western culture for decades in music
3
Q
4 things that never change in music are
A
- It’s always banned and ridiculed
- It all eventually becomes part of societies fabric
- Creates, expands and informs culture
- Connected to media - history repeats its self
4
Q
50’s music
A
Rock n roll
- crosses culture and has a fusion of style
- the blues come and its wild, sexy and different which whites hate
- which leads to white artists covering black songs
- still not ok for women
5
Q
60’s Music
A
- Racial intersection - Motown, civil rights, some of the most influential music (aretha), Gender and race equality.
- Drugs - Unauthorized pharmaceuticals are everywhere in music
- Political change - Music with a message
6
Q
3 way the beatles changed music
A
- playing stadiums
- recording technology (sound and music videos)
- Owning labels
7
Q
70’s Music
A
- not as much about the message
- disco, dance, and punk
- still drugs
8
Q
80’s Music
A
- MTV - no longer just radio, marketing of an image
- Thriller, huge controversy b/c #1 album was a black man, but this was good because expanded knowledge
- first rap single on billboard top 10
- not just black and white, Selena
9
Q
90’s Music
A
- Grunge - including of everyone, kurt kobane, angsty and raw, gen x
- Hip Hop - Biggie & Tupac, disliked because dehumanizing sexuality, not on the radio
10
Q
Anthologies
A
- First TV shows
- Natural extension from live theater
- expensive for single producer
- complex personal and societal stories
11
Q
50’s TV
A
- more than 50% households had tv
- anthologies not as popular in working class families
- single sponsors wanted to control it
- NBC increased length of show to 30 minutes
- NBC started ads
- Network, not sponsors owned the program or bought from individual producers
- sit coms appear
12
Q
Sitcom
A
- Reoccurring cast
2. narrative situation that is complicated then resolved
13
Q
Early domestic comedies
A
- portrayed conservative values of idealized American life
- avoided social issues
- ended with a moral message
ex) leave it to beaver, father knows best
14
Q
In the 1940’s ___% of households had Tv’s by 19__, ___% had
A
1%, 60, 89-99%
15
Q
Episodic series (dramas)
A
- Chapter shows – self-contained stories, reoccurring main cast, problems, conflict and resolution in an episode (gun smoke)
- Serial program – open-ended shows, storyline through several shows, cliff hangers
16
Q
Soaps
A
- were inexpensive because they are the same cast and set
- you can have a hybrid of chapter shows and serial programs
17
Q
The news got big in the __ because…
A
50’s becuase created trust of inviting someone into your home and you connected personally with an anchor.
- CBS news = first news to do taped for rebroadcast
18
Q
TV was the most trusted broadcasting form for ___ years
A
40+
19
Q
60’s TV
A
- escapist tv due to political issues (gilligans island, bewitched), a serious shift in music, but not tv
- all 3 networks available in color, PBS was established (kids & old people), image influenced opinion, most watched = walk on moon
20
Q
70’s TV
A
- Diversity in families portrayed – the brady bunch!
- Marginalized groups had a platform now
- Mirror of society
- Anthologies make a comeback
- VCR’s, time shifting
- TV is often blamed for decline of civic and associational life before basic cable it provided a shared experience
21
Q
80’s TV
A
- Cable, cable, cable!
- Pay per view & premium channels
- CNN first 24 hr news
- Univision & Telemundo
- ESPN
- MTV & BET
- Fox broadcasting
- Over the top chapter shows (dallas)
22
Q
90’s TV
A
- more options and specifications
- Specialization = entire channels dedicated to a topic enabled viewers to choose exactly what they want to watch, reflects a general shift in society, caters to a smaller more targeted audience
- Premium channels get away from just movies – more creative freedom b/c no advertisers
23
Q
2000’s TV
A
- Reality Tv takes off – “caring” about a family
- Mocumentaries
- Period dramas – premium channels, most expensive to make
24
Q
Syndication
A
- off network – tv shows picked up after a show goes off the air
- first fun – first time run, buy and show (judge judy)
25
Where we are now with tv...
- 3rd and 4th screening,
- micro culture,
- multiple screen era
26
Music entries to shows get viewers involved, types are...
1. expository device -- sets up show (gilligans island)
2. explicator of theme -- shamless, original greys
3. mood setter -- american horror story, breaking bad
27
Marconi is associated with
the wireless telegraph (1890's) & broadcasting the first transatlantic signal
28
Radio in the late 19th and early 20th century was
- chaos!
- multiple inventors were protective so there was no regulation, companies would jam others transmission which leads to wire competition
29
3 ships
1. NY -- Bahamas, NY senator lead to passed a bill
2. Titanic -- couldnt get message out
3. Carpatnia -- ship that heard titanic message
30
Radio Act of 1912
- established which ariwaves were public and commercial
| - ships must carry 2 or more persons in radio room 24 hr a day
31
Radio in WWI
taken over by the government & civilian radio activity is suspended
32
Radio after WWI
- Government returned wireless to private use
- sound transmission by the 20's made broadcasting possible
- spread ideas and homogenized culture
33
KDKA
first broadcasting station in Philly
34
RCA
Radio corporation of america
35
RCA dog name
Nippa
36
Radio Act of 1927
1. Stations must have a license
2. call signs (k = west of Mississippi & w = east of Mississippi)
3. policy of operating -- advertising support rather than toll system and sponsers
37
30's Radio
- Golden era
- Cultural mirror of music, crime, drama, comedy
- FCC & FM - frequency modulation
- Authority, war of worlds, fireside chats with FDR (went beyond boarders, hitler!)
- Propaganda
38
Radio was the center of broadcasting until ____ in the ___
TV in the 50's
39
Radio constantly ...
```
reinvents itself (ie, radio DJs popular with kids because parents didnt get it)
adjusts to convergence
```
40
60's radio
goes deep, abby hoffman
41
70's radio
Fm takes off
progressive rock, disco resistance
serves diverse audience
42
80's Radio
De-regulations dominate
MTV -- more shift (AM)
Risque, shock jocks (howard stern)
43
Fairness doctrine repeal
1987, if a radio aired something controversial they had to mention the other side of it equally but with the repeal they no longer had to do so
44
Non-Commercial radio
NPR
Grants and donations
Meaningful journalism
45
Radio today
```
Satellite
HD
Internet radio
Podcasts
Non-commercial
```
46
Economics of Radio
- Desirable ad time because of the broad reach
- Nielson ratings (all media)
- cost of ad depends on time of the day (morning drive is most expensive, day time, afternoon is second most, night time, overnight)
47
Film is synonymous with
controversy and conflict as it has been causing this since its arrival
48
Lumiere brothers
pepper shows, train films, exciting because it reflects culture and you've never watched it happen cause you do it
49
Birth of a nation
- the first long flim, kkk 1915 $2, reflected values,
50
Film in the 20's
- hollywood reigns supreme
- sound makes waves
- star system and factory production
51
big 5
1. paramount
2. 20th-century fox
3. MGM
4. Warner bros
5. Arko
52
Film in the 30's
- Peak of individualism
- escapism films & anarchy = big themes
- opposition to slack morals leads to stricter cultural control
- technicolor wizard of oz lifts the darkness of depression
53
1939 in film...
- the wizard of oz, in color
- sex scene
- ill think about it tomorrow
54
WWII effect in film
- before focus on individualism, after focus on togetherness
- patriotism, pessimism and paranoia of the 40's shifts to darker
55
50's Film
- contradictory issues, mccarthyism, racism, social justice and injustice, translate visually
- teen rebellion is a serious issue
- Small screen replaces big screen
56
US vs. Paramount
The monopoly of the big 5 breaks down in the 50's
57
60's Film
- Urban flight
- Sex and violence reflect shift in cultural values
- Daring content is allowed, no tidy endings
- Rating system
58
70's Film
- Summer blockbusters!! (jaws)
- Blaxplotation
- weird violence and special effects (exorcist, star wars, alien)
59
80's Film
- Lacks meaningful cinema
- First time there is a genre for kids and teens
- Chick flix!
- dick flicks = cultural reflection, Reagan, one big dude decade
- ET
60
90's Film
- addresses serious themes
- Aids, holocaust, sex, drugs, potty mouth, violence
- DISNEY!!
- Franchise blockbuster
61
2000's Film
- Documentaries
| - low budget indie films
62
Biggest film industry in the world...
Bollywood
63
Film is an
- accessible form of art
- learning tools
- support and reflect cultural values
- an escape
- economy driver
64
Trade books
- most lucrative, aimed at general readers
1. Classics
2. Adult and juvenile
3. Nonfiction
4. Self-help
5. Graphic novels
65
Other types of books
1. text book (elementary, high school, college)
2. mass market paper backs
3. religious
4. reference
5. university press
6. professional
66
e books
amazon
| - have technology issues, eyes and tangibilty
67
digital imaging
google scanning millions of titles to make availble online
| issues with writers and estates
68
Audio books
commuting
| POT - people doing other things
69
Publishing houses
1. pearson = #1 publishing company
2. penguin random house = biggest trade book publishers
3. simon & schsuester
4. hachette
5. harper collins
70
publishing house structure
- acquisition ediots - find wrtiers
- developmental editprs - big picture
- production staff - fine tune and design
- sales and marketing - book tours etc
71
B & M
brick and morder
72
types of book sellers
1. independent book stores
2. mass merchandisers - target etc
3. book store chains
4. used
73
not b & m
- book clubs
- mail order services
- amazon
74
Book influence on tv and film
- hollywood has helped many authors make a living
- can help sell books
- books provide content
75
Never ending stories
- cross platform
- multi platform
- interactive
76
758 million people are ___ and 2/3 are ___
illiterate, women
77
Early magazines were for ____ and had ___ 3 trends
1. overly religious
2. three p's - political philosophy & poetry
3. Served the well educated
1. specialty magazines -- profession
2. move to national circulation -- industrial revolution
3. illustration
78
Women's magazines
- how to for homemakers
- national marketplace for products
- good source for information and education
79
Muckraking
- a journalist who expose corruption (ex. the jungle meat packing district, oil standard, and pharmaceuticals)
- first investigative journalism
80
50's magazine
- turned to specialty mag because now competing with tv as visual storytelling
- ads decline
81
What medium knows their consumers better than any other mass medium
magazines
82
Types of consumer magazines
1. Children's
2. Alternative
3. Literary
4. Fashion
5. Sports
6. Ethnic
7. News
83
Niche publications
traditionally for the underserved population, changing into a subtype of a magazine
84
Agricultural Magazine
- actually quite big
| - California = #1 agricultural state
85
Custom Magazines
- magazine that is created for an individual, corporation, or company with a narrow, but a not small audience
86
Brand Magazine
- a branch of custom magazines that operates like one huge had, but doesn't have any ads in it because it's solely for that brand (ex. Nordstrom mag)
87
Catalog
- a branch of a custom mag, and similar to a brand mag but you can order directly from it
88
Major Mag companies
1. Time inc --(PITS) People, Instyle, Time SI
2. Hearst -- (CEO) Cosmo, Elle, Oprah
3. Condenast -- (VVG) Vogue, Vanity Fair, GQ
4. Meredith corp -- better home and garden
5. Rodale -- mens and womens health
89
Magazine Organization
- editorial: copy editors, assignment editors
- production
- sales & advertising
90
Magazine economics
- circulation and distribution, how you know how much exposure your getting (ex. full page in si = 400,000 circulation = 30 million people)
91
Types of circulation
1. subscription
2. single copy sales (grocery store)
3. controlled circulation
4. custom publishing (special editions)
5. pass along
92
Split runs
different cover, same/similar content (march madness)
93
Readers like the idea of ____ magazines but really prefer ___
online, print
94
Ads are more effective in ___
print
95
Online magazines mean
greater flexibility and lower cost
96
Evolution of newspaper
- Guttenberg press (1440's) the bible
- first amendment
- civil war
- yellow journalism (scandalous)
- 60's & 70's investigative journalism
- 90's community journalism
97
Suicide Spiral
new papers didn't adapt to the environment so ad revenue is down, circulation is down, jobs are down (cut first because most expensive), quality of work declines, readers withdraw
98
Hutchin's commission
what is important in media
1. Watchdog
2. Advocate
3. Marketplace of ideas
4. Access to information
5. Information provider
99
What can be done?
- newsroom innovation needs to diversify, invest in training and technology, a younger generation,
100
3 basic trends that help magazines create cultural change
1. illustration
2. national circulation
3. speciality magazines
101
Gutenberg effect
pro literacy prototype for all mass production
102
what is the #1 pass along magazine
people
103
top 25 magazines
special organizations (aarp, american riflemen etc) Membership magazines!
104
aliterate
can read but choose not to
