Unit I: Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

Functions of the Nasal cavity

Answer 1

1) To provide an airway
2) Olfaction
3) Warming and moistening of inspired air
4) Cleansing of inspired air

Question 2

This extends from the nostrils (nares) anteriorly to the choanae posteriorly. It is divided into left and right chambers by the nasal septum

Answer 2

Nasal cavity

Question 3

This divides the nasal cavity into left and right chambers

Answer 3

Nasal septum

Question 4

Contents of the External nose

Answer 4

1) Tip
2) root
3) nares
4) alae

Question 5

This part of the external nose is the free end of the nose

Answer 5

Tip

Question 6

This part of the external nose connects the nose to the forehead

Answer 6

Root

Question 7

This part of the external nose is called the nostrils

Answer 7

Nares

Question 8

This part of the external nose is bound to the nares laterally

Answer 8

Alae

Question 9

The ROOF of the nasal cavity is formed by these bones

Answer 9

1) nasal bone
2) frontal bone
3) cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
4) body of the sphenoid bone

Question 10

The FLOOR of the nasal cavity is formed by these bones

Answer 10

1) palatine process of the maxilla

2) horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 11

The TWO bones that form the hard palate

Answer 11

1) palatine process of maxilla

2) horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 12

The MEDIAL wall of the nasal cavity is formed by these structures

Answer 12

1) Septal cartilage
2) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
3) Vomer

Question 13

The posterior apertures of the nasal cavity that open into the nasopharynx

Answer 13

Choanae

Question 14

The LATERAL wall of the nasal cavity is formed by these structures

Answer 14

1) Nasal bone
2) Frontal process of the maxilla
3) Lacrimal bone
4) ethmoid bone
5) inferior nasal concha
6) perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
7) medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

Question 15

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is formed by a series of projections that jut medially into the nasal cavity

Answer 15

Conchae

Question 16

Conchae of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 16

1) Superior nasal concha
2) Middle nasal concha
3) Inferior nasal concha (separate bone)

Question 17

The superior nasal concha is formed from this bone

Answer 17

Ethmoid bone

Question 18

The middle nasal concha is formed from this bone

Answer 18

Ethmoid bone

Question 19

This is present ABOVE the superior nasal concha. It is also part of the ethmoid bone

Answer 19

Highest nasal concha

Question 20

Functions of the Nasal Concha

Answer 20

1) INCREASES SURFACE AREA of nasal cavity and allow for moistening and warming of the air and cleaning it (more room)
2) INCREASES TURBULENCE of nasal cavity by increasing the contact with particles in the air and brings more air in contact with the oldfactory fibers

Question 21

This is when the nasal septum does NOT lie in the median plane. A severe case of this can touch the lateral wall and cause breathing difficulties. It can also exacerbate snoring

Answer 21

Deviated septum

Question 22

Causes of a deviated septum

Answer 22

1) Congenital malformation (rare)
2) birth injury (very delicate)
3) Postnatal trauma (breaking nose)

Question 23

This is a small space located ABOVE and BEHIND the superior nasal concha. It receives the opening of the sphenoid sinus

Answer 23

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 24

This is a space BELOW the superior nasal concha. It receives the opening POSTERIOR ethmoidal cells

Answer 24

Superior meatus

Question 25

This is a space BELOW the middle nasal concha. It receives the openings of the - frontal sinus (frontonasal duct or infundibulum) - the maxillary sinus - the middle ethmoidal cells - anterior ethmoidal cells

Answer 25

Middle meatus

Question 26

This is a rounded projection into the middle meatus. The middle ethmoidal cells open onto this structure.

Answer 26

Ehtmoidal bulla

Question 27

A curved slit lying BELOW the ethmoidal bulla within the middle meatus. The frontonasal duct, anterior ethmoidal cells and maxillary sinus open into this slit

Answer 27

Hiatus semilunaris

Question 28

This is the space BELOW the inferior nasal concha. It receives openings of the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 28

Inferior meatus

Question 29

This connects the lacrimal sac of the orbit to the nasal cavity

Answer 29

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 30

This is the area JUST inside each nostril. It contains hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

Answer 30

Nasal vestibule

Question 31

This is the LOWER two thirds of the nasal cavity

Answer 31

Respiratory region

Question 32

This is the superior nasal concha and the upper one-third of the nasal septum, It contains fibers of the oldfactory nerve (CN I) which passes down through the cribriform plate

Answer 32

Oldfactory region

Question 33

People over the age of 50 lose receptor cells in this area at a rate of 1% per year

Answer 33

Oldfactory area

Question 34

Special sensory innervation to the nasal cavity

Answer 34

Oldfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 35

General sensory innervation to the nasal cavity is from this nerve and its branches

Answer 35

Branches of the maxillary and opthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 36

Autonomic innervation (BOTH sympathetic and parasympathetic) of the nasal cavity is from this structure

Answer 36

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 37

The primary blood supply to the nasal cavity if from these two arteries

Answer 37

1) Sphenopalatine branch of the maxillary artery (most important) [branch of external carotid] 2) anterior ethmoidal branch of the opthalmic artery [branch of internal carotid]

Question 38

This is a nosebleed that is common due to the richness of blood supply. There are two forms: mild and severe

Answer 38

Epistaxis

Question 39

This is a form of epistaxis that involves the small branches in or near the vestibule. Caused by minor trauma or low humidity

Answer 39

Mild form

Question 40

This is a form of epistaxis that involves spurting arterial blood. Results form a rupture of the sphenopalatine artery at one of its major anastomoses. Caused by major trauma (car accident)

Answer 40

Severe form

Question 41

Other causes for BOTH forms of epistaxis

Answer 41

1) Hypertension 2) blood disorders 3) cocaine abuse

Question 42

Lymph from the nasal cavity drains into this structure

Answer 42

Deep cervical nodes

Question 43

These are cavities found within the bones of the face. They develop as outgrowths of the nasal cavity. All of these open into the nasal cavity

Answer 43

Paranasal sinuses

Question 44

These openings of the nasal cavity facilitate drainage of the sinuses

Answer 44

Paranasal sinuses

Question 45

Formation of the paranasal sinuses is related to

Answer 45

1) Wolff's law 2) decreased weight of the skull 3) can use to identify individuals after death

Question 46

This paranasal sinus lies IN the frontal bone and opens into the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus via the frontonasal duct

Answer 46

Frontal sinus

Question 47

The frontal sinus opens into the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus via this duct

Answer 47

Frontonasal duct

Question 48

This is the LARGEST of the paranasal sinuses. It lies WITHIN the maxilla on each side lateral to the nasal cavity and inferior to the orbit.

Answer 48

Maxillary sinus

Question 49

This paranasal sinus opens into the hiatus semilunaris within the middle meatus.

Answer 49

Maxillary sinus

Question 50

This is the ONLY paranasal sinus that may be present at birht

Answer 50

Maxillary sinus

Question 51

This lies within the body of the sphenoid bone and opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 51

Sphenoidal sinus

Question 52

This consists of several groups of ehtmoidal cells that lie within the ethmoid bone between the orbit and the nasal cavity

Answer 52

Ethmoidal sinus

Question 53

The groups of ethmoidal cells found within the ethmoidal sinus include

Answer 53

1) Posterior ethmoidal cells 2) Middle ethmoidal cells 3) Anterior ethmoidal cells

Question 54

Clinical significance of NASAL Cavity: A infection can spread to these regions:

Answer 54

1) Anterior cranial fossa 2) LACRIMAL apparatus 3) Nasopharynx 4) paranasal sinuses 5) middle ear 6) mastoid air cells

Question 55

Infection can spread from the nasal cavity to the ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA via this structure. It can lead to MENINGITIS

Answer 55

Cribriform plate where the oldfactory fibers come through

Question 56

Infection can spread from the nasal cavity to the LACRIMAL APPARATUS via this structure. It can lead to conjunctivitis

Answer 56

Conjunctiva via the nasolacrimal duct