Unit I: Superficial Structures of the Neck and Triangles of the Neck

Question 1

ORIGIN of the Platysma muscle

Answer 1

Superficial fascia over the PECTORALIS MAJOR and DELTOID muscles

Question 2

INSERTION of the Platysma muscle

Answer 2

LOWER border of the MANDIBLE and the ANGLE of the mouth

Question 3

NERVE supply to the Platysma muscle

Answer 3

Cervical branch of FACIAL nerve (C.N. VII)

Question 4

FUNCTION of the Platysma muscle

Answer 4

DEPRESSES the Mandible and DRAWS down the corner of the mouth (shuts the mouth)

Question 5

ORIGIN of the Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

1) Sternal head: Front of the MANIBRIUM

2) Clavicular head: MEDIAL third of the CLAVICLE

Question 6

INSERTION of the Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 6

1) LATERAL surface of the MASTOID process

2) LATERAL half of the SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE

Question 7

NERVE supply to the Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 7

Spinal Accessory nerve (C.N. XI)

Question 8

FUNCTION of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 8

Chief FLEXOR of the HEAD

Question 9

ORIGIN of the Trapezius

Answer 9

1) EXTERNAL occipital protuberance
2) Ligamentum nuchae
3) Spinous processes of seventh cervical and ALL thoracic vertebrae

Question 10

INSERTION of the Trapezius

Answer 10

1) LATERAL third of the Clavicle
2) Spine of Scapula
3) Acromion process

Question 11

NERVE supply to the Trapezius

Answer 11

1) Spinal Accessory nerve (C.N. XI)

2) C3 and C4 from Cervical plexus

Question 12

FUNCTION of the Trapezius

Answer 12

1) UPPER portion ELEVATES
2) MIDDLE portion RETRACTS
3) LOWER portion DEPRESSES the scapula

Question 13

This muscle functions in Scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 13

Trapezius

Question 14

The Trapezius helps with this by aiding in upward rotation of the scapula is produced primarily by the upper and lower fibers of the trapezius as well as the serratus anterior muscle.

Answer 14

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Question 15

Origins of the Trapezius are all found here

Answer 15

Midline

Question 16

Insertions of the Trapezius are all found here

Answer 16

Lateral

Question 17

A pathological contraction of the SCM. The head is tilted TOWARD the affected side while the face is pointed AWAY from the affected side. There are 3 different types: Congenital, Muscular, and Spasmodic

Answer 17

Torticollis

Question 18

This disorder results from a fibrous tissue tumor which develops at or shortly BEFORE birth, It is VERY rare

Answer 18

Congenital Torticollis

Question 19

This disorder is caused by a birth injury during the birthing process

Answer 19

Muscular Torticollis

Question 20

This disorder occurs in adults and is due to abnormal tonicity. Often responds well to chiropractic. Can be caused by a number of factors including: whiplash, sports injuries, viral infections. This is the MOST COMMON.

Answer 20

Spasmodic Torticollis

Question 21

This is the LARGEST SUPERFICIAL vein of the neck. It drains the FACE and the SCALP and also contains a large amount of cerebral blood

Answer 21

External Jugular vein

Question 22

The External Jugular vein is formed BELOW the PAROTID gland by the union of these two veins

Answer 22

1) Retromandibular vein

2) Posterior Auricular vein

Question 23

This vein runs DOWNWARD and BACKWARD along the LATERAL surface of the SCM and empties into the SUBCLAVIAN vein

Answer 23

External Jugular vein

Question 24

This tributary of the external jugular vein is formed at the joining of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein in FRONT of the ear. This vein combines with the Posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein.

Answer 24

Retromandibular vein

Question 25

This tributary of the external jugular vein formed from the collection of several venous tributaries situated BEHIND the ear. This vein combines with the Retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein.

Answer 25

Posterior Auricular vein

Question 26

This tributary of the external jugular vein drains blood from the posterior triangle and the occipital region.

Answer 26

Posterior external jugular vein

Question 27

Tributaries of the External jugular vein

Answer 27

1) Retromandibular vein 2) Posterior Auricular vein 3) Posterior External jugular vein 4) Anterior jugular vein 5) Transverse cervical vein 6) Suprascapular vein

Question 28

This is usually NOT seen topographically with normal venous pressure Causes include: •CHF •superior vena cava obstruction can cause distention •tumors (lung CA) •Cardiac tamponade Normal in: opera singers

Answer 28

Prominent External Jugular vein

Question 29

This structure is found along the External jugular vein SUPERFICIAL to the the SCM

Answer 29

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Question 30

The TWO triangles of the neck that are divided by the SCM

Answer 30

1) Posterior triangle (behind SCM) | 2) Anterior triangle (in front of SCM)

Question 31

Anterior border of the Posterior Triangle

Answer 31

POSTERIOR border of the SCM

Question 32

Posterior border of the Posterior Triangle

Answer 32

ANTERIOR border of the Trapezius

Question 33

Inferior border of the Posterior Triangle

Answer 33

SUPERIOR border of the middle third of the CLAVICLE

Question 34

This triangle lies BEHIND the SCM and does NOT contain any important visceral structures

Answer 34

Posterior Triangle

Question 35

Superior border of the Anterior triangle

Answer 35

INFERIOR border of the MANDIBLE

Question 36

Anterior border of the Anterior triangle

Answer 36

ANTERIOR midline

Question 37

Posterior border of the Anterior triangle

Answer 37

ANTERIOR border of SCM

Question 38

The ____ of the Anterior triangle lies INFERIORLY at the jugular notch.

Answer 38

Apex

Question 39

The ____ of the Anterior triangle is formed by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia, superficial cervical fascia, and platysma

Answer 39

roof

Question 40

Contents of the Anterior triangle

Answer 40

1) Submental triangle 2) Submandibular triangle (digastric) 3) Carotid triangle 4) Muscular triangle

Question 41

This division of the anterior triangle is the ONLY division that is UNPAIRED

Answer 41

Submental triangle

Question 42

Boundaries of the Submental triangle

Answer 42

Left and right ANTERIOR bellies of digastric and the body of the HYOID bone

Question 43

Forms the floor of the Submental triangle

Answer 43

Mylohyoid muscle

Question 44

This part of the anterior triangle contains minor veins and lymph nodes (drain lower lymph and lower floor of mouth)

Answer 44

Submental triangle

Question 45

This part of the anterior triangle is found BELOW the mandible and is paired.

Answer 45

Submandibular triangle

Question 46

Boundaries of the Submandibular triangle

Answer 46

1) Inferior border of the mandible 2) Anterior belly of the digastric 3) Posterior belly of the digastric

Question 47

These muscles form the FLOOR of the Submandibular triangle

Answer 47

Mylohyoid and Hyoglossus muscles

Question 48

This submandibular gland, parotid and sublingual, the internal carotid artery, facial artery, internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve are found in this triangle

Answer 48

Submandibular triangle

Question 49

This area of the ANTERIOR triangle contains many important neurovascular structures

Answer 49

Submandibular (digastric) triangle

Question 50

This is the most superficial and second largest salivary gland

Answer 50

Submandibular salivary gland

Question 51

This artery bifurcates in coratid triangle into internal and external coratid arteries

Answer 51

Common carotid artery

Question 52

This part of the anterior triangle is formed from the posterior belly of the digastric, the superior belly of the omohyoid and the anterior border of the SCM

Answer 52

Carotid triangle

Question 53

These muscles form the floor of the coratid triangle

Answer 53

Thyrohyoid, hyoglossus and inferior and middle constrictor muscles

Question 54

Contents of the Coratid triangle

Answer 54

Parts of the common and internal coratid arteries, external coratid artery and three of its branches (superior thyroid artery, facial artery, lingual artery), and the tributaries for the internal jugular vein

Question 55

This part of the anterior triangle is surrounded by the superior belly of the omohyoid, anterior midline of the neck, and the anterior border of the SCM. (meet at midline of the neck)

Answer 55

Muscular triangle

Question 56

This forms the floor of the muscular triangle

Answer 56

Posterior layer of the pretracheal fascia

Question 57

Contents of the muscular triangle

Answer 57

Sternohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles (thryoid gland, trachea, and esophagus)

Question 58

This bone is located between the MANDIBLE and the LARYNX and serves as a point of attachment for many muscles. Does NOT articulate with any bones and is completely suspended by muscles and ligaments

Answer 58

Hyoid bone

Question 59

Parts of the Hyoid bone

Answer 59

1) Body 2) greater horn 3) lesser horn

Question 60

This part of the hyoid bone is located anterior and inferior `

Answer 60

Body

Question 61

This part of the hyoid bone is located on each side of the bone and is a site for muscle attachments

Answer 61

Greater horn

Question 62

This part of the hyoid bone is NOT always present because it is cartilaginous and ossifies irregularly. Not always ossified.

Answer 62

Lesser horn

Question 63

This part of the hyoid bone is often broken in cases of strangulation

Answer 63

Lesser horn

Question 64

The function of this bone is to serve as a site of muscle attachment specifically for the Stylohyoid ligament

Answer 64

Hyoid bone

Question 65

This group of muscles is made up of 4 ribbion-like muscles that attach to the hyoid bone. They function primarily to move the hyoid bone and larynx

Answer 65

Infrahyoid muscles

Question 66

Muscles that make up the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 66

1) Omohyoid 2) Sternohyoid 3) Sternothyroid 4) Thyrohyoid

Question 67

Origin of the Omohyoid

Answer 67

Inferior belly-- upper border of scapula | Superior belly -- intermediate tendon of inferior belly

Question 68

Insertion of the Omohyoid

Answer 68

Inferior belly-- tendon deep to the SCM muscle | Superior belly -- body of the hyoid bone

Question 69

Nerve supply for the Omohyoid

Answer 69

Ansa cervicalis | C1, C2, C3

Question 70

Function of the Omohyoid

Answer 70

Depresses hyoid bone and larynx. (runs along the upper border of the scapula)

Question 71

Origin of the Sternohyoid

Answer 71

Posterior surface of manubrium, medial end of clavicle

Question 72

Insertion of the Sternohyoid

Answer 72

Body of the hyoid bone

Question 73

Nerve supply to the Sternohyoid

Answer 73

Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

Question 74

Function of the Sternohyoid

Answer 74

Depresses the hyoid bone and larynx

Question 75

Origin of the Sternothyroid

Answer 75

Posterior surface of the manubrium, inferior to the origin of the sternohyoid

Question 76

Insertion of the Sternothyroid

Answer 76

Oblique line of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

Question 77

Nerve supply to the Sternothyroid

Answer 77

Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

Question 78

Function of the Sternothyroid

Answer 78

Depresses the larynx

Question 79

Origin of the Thyrohyoid

Answer 79

Oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

Question 80

Insertion of the Thyrohyoid

Answer 80

Body of the hyoid bone

Question 81

Nerve supply to the Thyrohyoid

Answer 81

C1 through hypoglossal nerve

Question 82

Function of the Thyrohyoid

Answer 82

Depresses the hyoid bone

Question 83

These two muscles make up the SUPERFICIAL layer of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 83

Omohyoid and sternohyoid

Question 84

These muscles make up the DEEP layer of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 84

Sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

Question 85

Why all muscles to DEPRESS the HYOID bone and LARYNX? [functions]

Answer 85

1) SWALLOWING (most important) 2) Speech 3) breathing or respiration 4) If hyoid is fixed by infrahyoid muscles, that CHANGES the FUNCTION of the DIGASTRIC muscle (depresses/closes mandible)