Unit I Somatic Sensation

Question 1

Stimulus changed into electrical signal is

Answer 1

transduction

Question 2

List some different types of stimuli

Answer 2

mechanical, chemical, temperature, and electromagnetic

Question 3

What 4 attributes of sense are there?

Answer 3

Modality, location, intensity, and timing

Question 4

What two sytems of nerve fiber classification are there?

Answer 4

Erlanger’s and LLoyd’s

Question 5

Differentiate the two classification systems of nerve fibers

Answer 5

Erlanger’s is A, B, and C

LLoyd’s is I, II, II, IV

Question 6

What are the parameters of speed of conduction?

Answer 6

fiber diameter and myelination

Question 7

What type of nerves Erlanger’s system used for?

Answer 7

motor nerves and skin afferents

Question 8

What type of nerves is LLoyd’s used for?

Answer 8

afferents from receptors in muscle and spinal joints

Question 9

Describe slow adaptation

Answer 9

it provides continuous information

Question 10

Describe fast adaptation

Answer 10

It reacts strongly when a change is taking place

Question 11

What are the most heavily sensory innervated spinal joints?

Answer 11

the cervicals

Question 12

Describe type I mechanorecptors

Answer 12

they are in the outer layers of the joint capsule

they have a low threshold

they are slow adapting

have tonic effects on lower motor neuron pools

fire at a degree proportional to joint movement

Question 13

Describe type II mechanorecptors

Answer 13

they are in the deepest layer of the joint capsule

they have a low threshold

they rapidly adapt

not activity in immobilized joints

monitors joint movements

phasic effecys on lower motor neurons pools

Question 14

Describe type III mechanoreceptor

Answer 14

found in spinal joints

slow adaptation

high threshold

joint version of a GTO

Question 15

Describe type IV mechanoreceptors

Answer 15

theyre nociceptors

high threshold

inactive in normal joint

activates with joint narrowing, incresaed capsular pressure, and chemical irritation

Question 16

What is tactile information?

Answer 16

the ability to recognize objects in the hand based on touch alone

Question 17

What is stereognosis?

Answer 17

the ability to perceive through touch

Question 18

What system does sterognosis test?

Answer 18

the dorsal column-medial leminiscal system

Question 19

Besides the ability to perceive what else does sterognosis test?

Answer 19

the cognitive processes in the brain where integration occurs

Question 20

What categories of sensory modalities are there?

Answer 20

pressure, cold, warm, and nociceptors

Question 21

Wetness is the perception of

Answer 21

pressure and temperature receptors being stimulated

Question 22

Ticklishness is the perception of

Answer 22

gentle stimulation of pressure receptors

Question 23

Itching is the perception of

Answer 23

gentle stimulation of nicceptors

Question 24

What is used for detection of microtexture?

Answer 24

pacinian corpuscles

Question 25

Depth of indentation and change in curvature of skin surface are encoded by discharges rates of

Answer 25

Slow adapting afferent fibers

Question 26

Velocity and rate of change in skin surface curvature are encoded by discharge rates of

Answer 26

both slow adapting and rapidly adapting afferent fibers

Question 27

What are the rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors?

Answer 27

Meissner's corpuscles, hair follie recptors, and pacinian corpuscles

Question 28

Where are meissner's corpuscles found?

Answer 28

in glabrous skin (non-hairy)

Question 29

Where in glabrous skin are meissner's heavily concentrated?

Answer 29

in fingertips

Question 30

What do meissner's detect in the fingertips?

Answer 30

singals edges, and registers sideways shearing of skin

Question 31

What are the slow adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors?

Answer 31

merkel's discs and ruffini end organs

Question 32

What do merkel's disc's sense?

Answer 32

curvature of an object's surface

Question 33

What activates ruffini end organs?

Answer 33

stretching of the skin

Question 34

What are the superficial receptors of the skin?

Answer 34

meissner's and merkel's

Question 35

What the deep receptors of the skin?

Answer 35

pacinian's and ruffini's