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Science Quiz Bee Reviewer > Unit II > Flashcards

Unit II Flashcards

1
Q

It is the outermost layer of Earth.

A

Crust

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2
Q

Involves the breaking down of rocks and minerals found on the surface of the earth.

A

Weathering

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3
Q

Soil, rock, and other surface materials are worn away and transported by natural forces.

A

Erosion

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4
Q

The ductile part of Earth that is approx. 100 km to 700 km. deep from the crust.

A

Asthenosphere

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5
Q

Boundary between the lower crust and the upper mantle.

A

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

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6
Q

Underneath the crust.

A

Mantle

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7
Q

Boundary between the lower mantle and the outer core.

A

Guttenberg Discontinuity

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8
Q

Central part of Earth that has two layers.

A

Core

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9
Q

What are the two layers of the Core?

A

Outer Core and Inner Core

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10
Q

Only liquid layer of Earth.

A

Outer Core

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11
Q

Who discovered the inner layer?

A

Inge Lehmann

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12
Q

Boundary between the outer core and the inner core.

A

Lehmann Discontinuity

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13
Q

Described as any sudden shaking of the ground that often occurs along geologic faults.

A

Earthquake

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14
Q

Where the earthquake begins.

A

Focus or Hypocenter

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15
Q

Point directly above the focus.

A

Epicenter

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16
Q

Fracture found between two blocks of rock on Earth’s crust.

A

Fault

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of Fault?

A

Normal, Reverse, Strike-Slip

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18
Q

The hanging wall moves down.

A

Normal Fault

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19
Q

Hanging wall moves up.

A

Reverse Fault

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20
Q

Motion of the blocks is horizontal or sideways,

A

Strike-slip

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21
Q

Those that move one or more times in the last 10 000 years.

A

Active faults

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22
Q

Those that did not move or have been inactive for millions of years.

A

Inactive faults

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23
Q

Estimate of the relative size or strength of an earthquake.

A

Magnitude

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24
Q

Developed by Charles Richter that was used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake.

A

Richter Scale

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25
Q

Describes the severity of an earthquake.

A

Intensity

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26
Q

What is PEIS?

A

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale

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27
Q

What is PHIVOLCS?

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

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28
Q

Travels through the surface of Earth.

A

Surface Waves

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29
Q

Penetrate through the layers of earth.

A

Body Waves

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30
Q

Two types of body waves.

A

P-waves and S-waves

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31
Q

What is faster; P waves or S waves?

A

P waves

32
Q

When sea waves generated through underwater earthquakes reach heights greater than five meters.

A

Tsunami

33
Q

3 parts of the Typhoon.

A

Eye, Eye Wall, Rainbands

34
Q

It is the very center of the typhoon.

A

Eye

35
Q

Part of the typhoon that is composed of tall rings of thunderstorms that produce heavy rains and strong winds.

A

Eye Wall

36
Q

Clouds that move away from the eye wall spirally.

A

Rainbands

37
Q

What are the 5 classifications of Tropical Cyclone?

A

Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Severe Tropical Storm, Typhoon, Super Typhoon

38
Q

The boundary nearest to the Philippine Islands.

A

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

39
Q

What does TCAD and TCID mean?

A

Tropical Cyclone Advisory Domain, Tropical Cyclone Information Domain

40
Q

What does PAGASA mean?

A

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration

41
Q

Generally rocky and irregularly shaped celestial objects that are formed for over 4.6 billion years ago.

A

Asteroids

42
Q

What are the classifications of asteroids?

A

C-type, S-type, and M-type

43
Q

It is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

A

Main Belt

44
Q

Asteroids that pass near the earth.

A

Near-Earth Asteroids

45
Q

Asteroids located near Jupiter Lagrange.

A

Trojans

46
Q

Also known as dirty snowballs, are made up of frozen gases, rock, and dust that orbit the sun.

A

Comets

47
Q

What are the parts of Comet?

A

nucleus, coma, tail

48
Q

Solid and known as the central part of the comet.

A

Nucleus

49
Q

What word does originate from?

A

kometes meaning “long-haired star.’

50
Q

Found at the outermost part of the solar system.

A

Oort Cloud

51
Q

He was named after the Oort Cloud.

A

Jan Oort

52
Q

Area where most comets are found.

A

Kuiper Belt

53
Q

Debris that are usually rocky and metallic in nature that orbit the solar system.

A

Meteoroids

54
Q

When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up creating a streak of light, it becomes a ___________.

A

Meteor

55
Q

However, some meteoroids are large enough that they could still reach the surface of Earth. When they do, they are called __________.

A

Meteorites

56
Q

Pure substance that is made up of only one kind of atom.

A

Element

57
Q

Combination of two or more elements.

A

Compound

58
Q

Observable characteristic that describes an object or a substance.

A

Property

59
Q

May be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of a substance.

A

Physical Properties

60
Q

Depend on the amount of matter.

A

Extensive Properties

61
Q

Observable changes in the appearance or physical property property of matter while it does not change into a new substance.

A

Physical Changes

62
Q

Involves chemical reactions that result in the formation of new substances or products.

A

Chemical Change

63
Q

Ability of a substance to undergo chemical changes to become a different kind of matter,

A

Chemical Property

64
Q

What are the 5 types of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, gas, Plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensate

65
Q

Phase of matter that has a definite volume and a distinct shape given a certain temperature.

A

Solid

66
Q

Phase of matter that has a definite volume, but it takes the shape of its container due to gravity.

A

Liquid

67
Q

Dependent on its temperature and surrounding pressure.

A

Gas

68
Q

When gas particles gain energy through heating at very high temperature or when they absorb electrical energy, another phase of matter is formed known as _______.

A

Plasma

69
Q

Considered to be the exact opposite of plasma. It exists at extremely low temperatures or near absolute zero temperature.

A

Bose-Einstein Condensate

70
Q

Type of reversible physical change that makes the phase of matter change due to the absorption or the release of heat.

A

Phase Change

71
Q

Process by which a substance in the solid phase turns into the liquid phase.

A

Melting

72
Q

A substance in liquid phase may turn into solid by _________ it.

A

Freezing

73
Q

Process by which a liquid turns into gas.

A

Vaporization

74
Q

Process by which a gas turns into liquid.

A

Condensation

75
Q

Process by which a solid turns directly into a gas.

A

Sublimation

76
Q

Occurs when a gas turns directly into a solid.

A

Deposition

77
Q

Graphical representation that shows the different changes in the phase of a substance and the conditions of temperature and pressure in wherein each phase would remain as solid, liquid, or gas.

A

Phase diagram

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