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Understanding The Self > Unit IV-V > Flashcards

Unit IV-V Flashcards

1
Q

It is the scientific study of how human thinks, feel and behave

A

Psychology

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2
Q

What are the four goals of Psychology

A

Describe
Explain
Predict
Modify

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3
Q

“of relating to, being or involving conscious intellectual activity”

A

Cognitive

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4
Q

A Swiss clinical psychologist who pioneered the Theory of Cognitive Development

A

Jean Piaget

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5
Q

It deals with the nature of knowledge itself, and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it.

A

Theory of Cognitive Development

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6
Q

It is a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience

A

Cognitive Development

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7
Q

What are the basic concepts of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

A

Schemas
Adaptation
Stages of Cognitive Development

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8
Q

It is the me tal organization used to understand the environment

A

Schemas

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9
Q

A child’s process in encountering situational conditions

A

Adaptation

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10
Q

It focused on the growing expertise of child’s thought process

A

Stages of Cognitive Development

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11
Q

What are the two types of adaptation?

A

Assimilation
Accommodation

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12
Q

It is a process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas

A

Assimilation

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13
Q

It involves the altering or changing the existing schemas, as a result of a new experiences

A

Accommodation

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14
Q

It helps to explain how the children can move from one stage to another

A

Equilibration

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15
Q

What are the stages of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

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16
Q

At this stage knowledge are acquired through senses

A

Sensorimotor (0-2)

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17
Q

At this stage the verbal and egocentric thinking develop, and conservation of shapes, numbers, liquids are not yet possible

A

Preoperational (2-5)

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18
Q

At this stage, conservation of shapes, numbers, and liquids are now possible. Logic and reasoning develop but limited

A

Concrete Operational (6-11)

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19
Q

At this stage, abstract reasoning are developed. Systematic problem solving and scientific reasoning is now possible

A

Formal Operational (12 and Up)

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20
Q

It is the ability to think about and reflect upon one’s thinking

A

Metacognition

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21
Q

The ability to realize that objects still exists when they are not being sensed

A

Object permanence

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22
Q

Believing that inanimate objects are alive

A

Animistic thinking

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23
Q

Not being capable of seeing things from another’s person’s perspective

A

Egocentrism

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24
Q

Recognition that when some properties of an object change other properties remain constant

A

Conservation

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25
Q

She elaborated on the emergence of self-concept and asserted that the wide developmental changes is observed across different stages

A

Dr. Susan Harter

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26
Q

What are the two important concepts of self

A

Self esteem
Self concept

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27
Q

It is the individuals overall acceptance of self. It involves the degree of self success

A

Self-esteem

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28
Q

It is the individuals perception of self that remains comparatively consistent and steady overtime, context and developmental stage

A

Self concept

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29
Q

What are the stages of development of self concept

A

Early childhood
Middle to later childhood
Adolescence
Emerging adults

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30
Q

At this stage child describe the self in terms of concrete and observable characteristics

A

Early childhood

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31
Q

At this stage self is described in terms of trait-like constructs

A

Middle to later childhood

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32
Q

The emergence of more abstract self definitions such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes and motives are observed at the stage

A

Adolescence

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33
Q

At this stage a person have a vision of “possible self”

A

Emerging adults

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34
Q

He asserted that all behavior is motivated by self actualizing tendencies and this drive you to reach your potential

A

Carl Rogers

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35
Q

Emphasized the active role of the individual and shaping their internal and external worlds.

A

Humanistic

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36
Q

A person is an active, creative, experiencing being who lives in the present and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity

A

Actualizing tendency

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37
Q

It includes such basic needs and as food, air, and safety, but it also includes the tendency to resist change and seek the status quo.

A

Need for maintenance

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38
Q

People’s willingness to learn things that are not immediately rewarding

A

Need for enhancement

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39
Q

Express in a variety of forms including curiosity, playfulness, self explorations, friendship, and confidence

A

Need for enhancement

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40
Q

What are the two subsystems of self

A

Self concept
Ideal self

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41
Q

All those aspects of one’s being experiences that are perceived in awareness by the individual

A

Self concept

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42
Q

One’s view of self as one wishes to be

A

Ideal self

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43
Q

A wide gap between the ideal self and self-concept indicates

A

Incongruence and an unhealthy personality

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44
Q

What are the conditions to achieve actualizing tendency

A

Congruence
Unconditional positive regard
Empathy

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45
Q

He is the father of psychoanalysis, and famous for his work on human nature and the unconscious

A

Sigmund Freud

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46
Q

What are the levels of mental life

A

Conscious level
Preconscious level
Unconscious level

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47
Q

The current thoughts what we sense and think at the present

A

Conscious level

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48
Q

Thoughts that we can bring into our consciousness easily or with needed effort

A

Preconscious level

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49
Q

Contains our instincts wishes and desires that drives our behavior

A

Unconscious level

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50
Q

It is the level that is the focus of psychoanalytic theory

A

Unconscious level

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51
Q

A person’s personality develops in early childhood, it is defined by erogenous zones

A

Psychosexual stages

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52
Q

It is the most crucial age in personality formation

A

First for 4-5 years of life ‘Formative years’

53
Q

It is a psychic energy remains invested on one stage giving less energy for the next stage

A

Fixation

54
Q

These are areas of the body that are sensitive to pleasant and sexual feelings, which gives rise to feelings of pleasure/sexual feelings when stimulated

A

Erogenous zones

55
Q

This zones are the center of conflict in different stages in the infant/ childhood

A

Erogenous zones

56
Q

What are the psychosexual stages

A

Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
Genital stage

57
Q

What is the erogenous zone, and pleasurable activities in oral stage

A

Mouth
Sucking, biting, swallowing and feeding

58
Q

What are the two ways of fixation in oral stage

A

Oral incorporative
Oral aggressive or oral sadistic

59
Q

In this fixation oral passive personality are developed. This includes gullible, passive, needs a lot of attention, and substance addiction

A

Oral incorporative

60
Q

In this fixation oral aggressive personality is develop. They are adults who are aggressive and like to argue

A

Oral aggressive or oral sadistic

61
Q

What are the age, erogenous zone, and pleasurable activities at anal stage

A

1-3 years old
Bowel and bladder control
Retention of feces and willful defecation

62
Q

Gratification of instinctual impulse is inferred regulating time and place of defecation

A

Toilet training

63
Q

Two ways the child reacts to toilet training

A

Anal expulsion
Anal retention

64
Q

Develops and anal aggressive personality which includes disorderly, messy, destructive cruel

A

Anal expulsion

65
Q

Fellows anal retentive personality such as stubborn, stingy, orderly and compulsively clean

A

Anal retention

66
Q

What are the age, erogenous zones and pleasurable activities and phallic stage

A

3-6 years old
Genitals
Exploring and manipulating genitals

67
Q

It is the evidence of strong narcissism. And will have difficulty in establishing mature relationship

A

Phallic personality

68
Q

At this stage the libido is inactive

A

Latency stage

69
Q

The latency stage is considered as the

A

“safest stage”

70
Q

It is the stage from puberty to death

A

Genital stage

71
Q

It is Freud’s ideal a full development person enjoys a satisfying adult sexuality and is capable of genuine love

A

Genital personality

72
Q

It is attained if a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner

A

Psychological maturity

73
Q

He asserted that self life at the center of mental life

A

William James

74
Q

William James is considered as the

A

Father of American Psychology

75
Q

What is William James groundbreaking masterpiece

A

The Principle of Psychology

76
Q

It is the pure ego. The subjective stuff that is aware of its own actions

A

I-self

77
Q

What are the characteristics of I-self

A

A sense of being the agent of behavior
Sense of continuity
Sense of being unique
Sense of awareness of being aware

78
Q

It is the object, best self you can describe based on observation and experience

A

Me-self

79
Q

What are the 3 types of Me-self

A

Material Self - physical
Social Self - social skills
Spiritual Self - personality

80
Q

He developed his transactional analysis method as a basis for understanding behavior

A

Eric Berne

81
Q

Every person has three parts called _________ in his/her personality

A

Ego states

82
Q

What are the three parts of ego states

A

Parent Ego State
Adult Ego State
Child Ego State

83
Q

Behavior, thoughts and feelings are copied from parents and parent figures

A

Parent ego state

84
Q

What are the positive and negative side of parent ego state

A

Positive: Nurturing parent
Negative: Controlling parent

85
Q

Behaviors, thoughts and feelings are direct responses to here and now.

A

Adult ego state

86
Q

What are the positive and negative side of adult ego state

A

Positive: open adult
Negative: unyielding adult

87
Q

Behaviors thoughts and feelings are replayed from childhood

A

Child ego state

88
Q

What are the positive and negative side of child ego state

A

Positive: creative child
Negative: petulant child

89
Q

They asserted that children are very adjusted to their parents feelings and needs

A

John Bowlby and Donald Winnicott

90
Q

What are the two parts of concept of self

A

True self
False self

91
Q

Change its behavior, inhibited feelings, and forced needs aside in order to survive

A

False Self

92
Q

What are the two types of false self

A

Healthy false self
Unhealthy false self

93
Q

It is one which allows someone to be functional in the society. It is still connected to the true self

A

Healthy False Self

94
Q

The one that fits into society through forced compliance rather than a desire to adapt

A

Unhealthy false self

95
Q

” eternal reality of the universal truth: self liberation through getting rid of the false “me” discovering the “true me”. Who’s the me concept sis this statement

A

East

96
Q

“The draw me in every human being is a part of the divine that needs to become apparent” Whose the “me concept is this?

A

West

97
Q

What are the western concept of self

A

Analytical
Monotheistic
Individualistic
Materialistic or Rationalistic

98
Q

Inclination to see actuality as an aggregate of parts

A

Analytical

99
Q

It is the nature and origin of knowledge

A

Epistology

100
Q

Are the two branches of Epistology

A

Rationalism
Empiricism

101
Q

Engaged in the tendency toward unitary explanation of phenomena in the closed system view of self

A

Monotheistic

102
Q

It seeks to understand God and His relationship with man through reason and logic

A

Christian philosophy

103
Q

Quality of western thinking for self-expression and self-actualization are essential ways of establishing who one is as well as discovering satisfaction in the world

A

Individualistic

104
Q

Who proposed the western Nihilism

A

Friedrich Nietzsche

105
Q

Challenges religious doctrines. It says life as having no purpose so man is not to waste time finding meaning

A

Westin Nihilism

106
Q

In western Nihilism the goal is to become a

A

Ubermensch (superman)

107
Q

It is achieved when an individual lives according to his or her purpose and values not at the expectations of society

A

Ubermensch (Superman)

108
Q

It discredits explanations that do not use analytic-deductive modes of thinking

A

Rationalistic

109
Q

Stoicism is developed by

A

Zino of Cithium

110
Q

A similar goal to Buddhism

A

Stoicism

111
Q

The goal of Stoicism

A

Freedom from Passion

112
Q

It’s means objectiveness or lack of emotion

A

Apatheia

113
Q

What are the Eastern concept of self

A

Confucianism
Taoism
Buddhism

114
Q

What is the story that represents the prominent teachings of Chinese wisdom

A

The story of the three vinegar tasters

115
Q

In the story of the three vinegar tasters the vinegar represents the

A

“Essence of Life”

116
Q

Development of one’s life through living ethically and following rules is the purpose of life

A

Self-cultivation

117
Q

This means true nobility

A

Junzi

118
Q

What are the principles of Confucianism

A

Li - Social etiquette
Hsiao - Family centeredness
Yi - Righteousness
Xin - Honest
Jen - Kind
Chung - Loyalty

119
Q

Buddhism was propagated by

A

Siddharta Gautama

120
Q

It teaches the importance of reaching nirvana or removal of suffering

A

Buddhism

121
Q

What are the four noble truths

A
  1. All beings are subject to dukkha
  2. Dukkha arises from desire and craving
  3. Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving
  4. There is a way out of Dukkha, which is the noble eightfold path
122
Q

Who is the semi legendary who propagated the Taoism

A

Lao Tzu

123
Q

This upholds that humans and animals should live in balance with the Tao, or the universe

A

Taoism

124
Q

What are the three jewels of Taoism

A

Compassion
Moderation
Humility

125
Q

The principle things exist as inseparable and contradictory opposites

A

Yin and Yang

126
Q

Principal as cosmic order

A

Dharma

127
Q

The earliest religious writings in the east

A

Vedas

128
Q

The divine universal consciousness encompassing the universe

A

Brahman

Understanding The Self (3 decks)

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