Unit IV-V Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
It is the scientific study of how human thinks, feel and behave
A
Psychology
2
Q
What are the four goals of Psychology
A
Describe
Explain
Predict
Modify
3
Q
“of relating to, being or involving conscious intellectual activity”
A
Cognitive
4
Q
A Swiss clinical psychologist who pioneered the Theory of Cognitive Development
A
Jean Piaget
5
Q
It deals with the nature of knowledge itself, and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it.
A
Theory of Cognitive Development
6
Q
It is a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience
A
Cognitive Development
7
Q
What are the basic concepts of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
A
Schemas
Adaptation
Stages of Cognitive Development
8
Q
It is the me tal organization used to understand the environment
A
Schemas
9
Q
A child’s process in encountering situational conditions
A
Adaptation
10
Q
It focused on the growing expertise of child’s thought process
A
Stages of Cognitive Development
11
Q
What are the two types of adaptation?
A
Assimilation
Accommodation
12
Q
It is a process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas
A
Assimilation
13
Q
It involves the altering or changing the existing schemas, as a result of a new experiences
A
Accommodation
14
Q
It helps to explain how the children can move from one stage to another
A
Equilibration
15
Q
What are the stages of Cognitive Development
A
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
16
Q
At this stage knowledge are acquired through senses
A
Sensorimotor (0-2)
17
Q
At this stage the verbal and egocentric thinking develop, and conservation of shapes, numbers, liquids are not yet possible
A
Preoperational (2-5)
18
Q
At this stage, conservation of shapes, numbers, and liquids are now possible. Logic and reasoning develop but limited
A
Concrete Operational (6-11)
19
Q
At this stage, abstract reasoning are developed. Systematic problem solving and scientific reasoning is now possible
A
Formal Operational (12 and Up)
20
Q
It is the ability to think about and reflect upon one’s thinking
A
Metacognition
21
Q
The ability to realize that objects still exists when they are not being sensed
A
Object permanence
22
Q
Believing that inanimate objects are alive
A
Animistic thinking
23
Q
Not being capable of seeing things from another’s person’s perspective
A
Egocentrism
24
Q
Recognition that when some properties of an object change other properties remain constant
A
Conservation
25
She elaborated on the emergence of self-concept and asserted that the wide developmental changes is observed across different stages
Dr. Susan Harter
26
What are the two important concepts of self
Self esteem
Self concept
27
It is the individuals overall acceptance of self. It involves the degree of self success
Self-esteem
28
It is the individuals perception of self that remains comparatively consistent and steady overtime, context and developmental stage
Self concept
29
What are the stages of development of self concept
Early childhood
Middle to later childhood
Adolescence
Emerging adults
30
At this stage child describe the self in terms of concrete and observable characteristics
Early childhood
31
At this stage self is described in terms of trait-like constructs
Middle to later childhood
32
The emergence of more abstract self definitions such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes and motives are observed at the stage
Adolescence
33
At this stage a person have a vision of "possible self"
Emerging adults
34
He asserted that all behavior is motivated by self actualizing tendencies and this drive you to reach your potential
Carl Rogers
35
Emphasized the active role of the individual and shaping their internal and external worlds.
Humanistic
36
A person is an active, creative, experiencing being who lives in the present and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity
Actualizing tendency
37
It includes such basic needs and as food, air, and safety, but it also includes the tendency to resist change and seek the status quo.
Need for maintenance
38
People's willingness to learn things that are not immediately rewarding
Need for enhancement
39
Express in a variety of forms including curiosity, playfulness, self explorations, friendship, and confidence
Need for enhancement
40
What are the two subsystems of self
Self concept
Ideal self
41
All those aspects of one's being experiences that are perceived in awareness by the individual
Self concept
42
One's view of self as one wishes to be
Ideal self
43
A wide gap between the ideal self and self-concept indicates
Incongruence and an unhealthy personality
44
What are the conditions to achieve actualizing tendency
Congruence
Unconditional positive regard
Empathy
45
He is the father of psychoanalysis, and famous for his work on human nature and the unconscious
Sigmund Freud
46
What are the levels of mental life
Conscious level
Preconscious level
Unconscious level
47
The current thoughts what we sense and think at the present
Conscious level
48
Thoughts that we can bring into our consciousness easily or with needed effort
Preconscious level
49
Contains our instincts wishes and desires that drives our behavior
Unconscious level
50
It is the level that is the focus of psychoanalytic theory
Unconscious level
51
A person's personality develops in early childhood, it is defined by erogenous zones
Psychosexual stages
52
It is the most crucial age in personality formation
First for 4-5 years of life 'Formative years'
53
It is a psychic energy remains invested on one stage giving less energy for the next stage
Fixation
54
These are areas of the body that are sensitive to pleasant and sexual feelings, which gives rise to feelings of pleasure/sexual feelings when stimulated
Erogenous zones
55
This zones are the center of conflict in different stages in the infant/ childhood
Erogenous zones
56
What are the psychosexual stages
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
Genital stage
57
What is the erogenous zone, and pleasurable activities in oral stage
Mouth
Sucking, biting, swallowing and feeding
58
What are the two ways of fixation in oral stage
Oral incorporative
Oral aggressive or oral sadistic
59
In this fixation oral passive personality are developed. This includes gullible, passive, needs a lot of attention, and substance addiction
Oral incorporative
60
In this fixation oral aggressive personality is develop. They are adults who are aggressive and like to argue
Oral aggressive or oral sadistic
61
What are the age, erogenous zone, and pleasurable activities at anal stage
1-3 years old
Bowel and bladder control
Retention of feces and willful defecation
62
Gratification of instinctual impulse is inferred regulating time and place of defecation
Toilet training
63
Two ways the child reacts to toilet training
Anal expulsion
Anal retention
64
Develops and anal aggressive personality which includes disorderly, messy, destructive cruel
Anal expulsion
65
Fellows anal retentive personality such as stubborn, stingy, orderly and compulsively clean
Anal retention
66
What are the age, erogenous zones and pleasurable activities and phallic stage
3-6 years old
Genitals
Exploring and manipulating genitals
67
It is the evidence of strong narcissism. And will have difficulty in establishing mature relationship
Phallic personality
68
At this stage the libido is inactive
Latency stage
69
The latency stage is considered as the
"safest stage"
70
It is the stage from puberty to death
Genital stage
71
It is Freud's ideal a full development person enjoys a satisfying adult sexuality and is capable of genuine love
Genital personality
72
It is attained if a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner
Psychological maturity
73
He asserted that self life at the center of mental life
William James
74
William James is considered as the
Father of American Psychology
75
What is William James groundbreaking masterpiece
The Principle of Psychology
76
It is the pure ego. The subjective stuff that is aware of its own actions
I-self
77
What are the characteristics of I-self
A sense of being the agent of behavior
Sense of continuity
Sense of being unique
Sense of awareness of being aware
78
It is the object, best self you can describe based on observation and experience
Me-self
79
What are the 3 types of Me-self
Material Self - physical
Social Self - social skills
Spiritual Self - personality
80
He developed his transactional analysis method as a basis for understanding behavior
Eric Berne
81
Every person has three parts called _________ in his/her personality
Ego states
82
What are the three parts of ego states
Parent Ego State
Adult Ego State
Child Ego State
83
Behavior, thoughts and feelings are copied from parents and parent figures
Parent ego state
84
What are the positive and negative side of parent ego state
Positive: Nurturing parent
Negative: Controlling parent
85
Behaviors, thoughts and feelings are direct responses to here and now.
Adult ego state
86
What are the positive and negative side of adult ego state
Positive: open adult
Negative: unyielding adult
87
Behaviors thoughts and feelings are replayed from childhood
Child ego state
88
What are the positive and negative side of child ego state
Positive: creative child
Negative: petulant child
89
They asserted that children are very adjusted to their parents feelings and needs
John Bowlby and Donald Winnicott
90
What are the two parts of concept of self
True self
False self
91
Change its behavior, inhibited feelings, and forced needs aside in order to survive
False Self
92
What are the two types of false self
Healthy false self
Unhealthy false self
93
It is one which allows someone to be functional in the society. It is still connected to the true self
Healthy False Self
94
The one that fits into society through forced compliance rather than a desire to adapt
Unhealthy false self
95
" eternal reality of the universal truth: self liberation through getting rid of the false "me" discovering the "true me". Who's the me concept sis this statement
East
96
"The draw me in every human being is a part of the divine that needs to become apparent" Whose the "me concept is this?
West
97
What are the western concept of self
Analytical
Monotheistic
Individualistic
Materialistic or Rationalistic
98
Inclination to see actuality as an aggregate of parts
Analytical
99
It is the nature and origin of knowledge
Epistology
100
Are the two branches of Epistology
Rationalism
Empiricism
101
Engaged in the tendency toward unitary explanation of phenomena in the closed system view of self
Monotheistic
102
It seeks to understand God and His relationship with man through reason and logic
Christian philosophy
103
Quality of western thinking for self-expression and self-actualization are essential ways of establishing who one is as well as discovering satisfaction in the world
Individualistic
104
Who proposed the western Nihilism
Friedrich Nietzsche
105
Challenges religious doctrines. It says life as having no purpose so man is not to waste time finding meaning
Westin Nihilism
106
In western Nihilism the goal is to become a
Ubermensch (superman)
107
It is achieved when an individual lives according to his or her purpose and values not at the expectations of society
Ubermensch (Superman)
108
It discredits explanations that do not use analytic-deductive modes of thinking
Rationalistic
109
Stoicism is developed by
Zino of Cithium
110
A similar goal to Buddhism
Stoicism
111
The goal of Stoicism
Freedom from Passion
112
It's means objectiveness or lack of emotion
Apatheia
113
What are the Eastern concept of self
Confucianism
Taoism
Buddhism
114
What is the story that represents the prominent teachings of Chinese wisdom
The story of the three vinegar tasters
115
In the story of the three vinegar tasters the vinegar represents the
"Essence of Life"
116
Development of one's life through living ethically and following rules is the purpose of life
Self-cultivation
117
This means true nobility
Junzi
118
What are the principles of Confucianism
Li - Social etiquette
Hsiao - Family centeredness
Yi - Righteousness
Xin - Honest
Jen - Kind
Chung - Loyalty
119
Buddhism was propagated by
Siddharta Gautama
120
It teaches the importance of reaching nirvana or removal of suffering
Buddhism
121
What are the four noble truths
1. All beings are subject to dukkha
2. Dukkha arises from desire and craving
3. Dukkha can be overcome by the elimination of desire and craving
4. There is a way out of Dukkha, which is the noble eightfold path
122
Who is the semi legendary who propagated the Taoism
Lao Tzu
123
This upholds that humans and animals should live in balance with the Tao, or the universe
Taoism
124
What are the three jewels of Taoism
Compassion
Moderation
Humility
125
The principle things exist as inseparable and contradictory opposites
Yin and Yang
126
Principal as cosmic order
Dharma
127
The earliest religious writings in the east
Vedas
128
The divine universal consciousness encompassing the universe
Brahman
