unit one

Question 1

states of matter

Answer 1

solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

when molecules of a substance are arranged in an orderly pattern (ex: table salt and snowflakes)

Answer 2

crystalline solid

Question 3

no long range consistency in structure, lack of pattern in particle arrangement

Answer 3

amorphous solid

Question 4

what are the four universal laws

Answer 4

conservation of matter, conservation of energy, law of constant/definite composition, law of multiple proportions

Question 5

what is the law of conservation of mass

Answer 5

mass can’t be created or destroyed

Question 6

what is the law of conservation of energy

Answer 6

energy can’t be created or destroyed

Question 7

what is the law of constant/definite composition

Answer 7

in any particular chemical compound, all samples of that compound will be made up of the same elements in the same proportion or ratio

Question 8

what is the law of multiple proportions

Answer 8

when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the different masses of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in a simple ratio of whole numbers (usually small)

Question 9

what makes a mixture homogeneous

Answer 9

the mixture is fully mixed in, uniform in distribution throughout

Question 10

what makes a mixture hetereogeneous

Answer 10

a mixture that is not uniform in composition

Question 11

how to separate heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 11

filtration

Question 12

what is a compound

Answer 12

two or more elements combined

Question 13

how to separate homogeneous mixtures

Answer 13

distillation

Question 14

what is a pure substance that CANNOT be broken down chemically

Answer 14

element

Question 15

what is a pure substance

Answer 15

single chemical, one kind of matter

Question 16

what is a mixture

Answer 16

something that consists of two or more substances mixed together

Question 17

what is dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 17

all matter is composed of atoms.
Atoms of the same element are similar in shape and mass, but differ from the atoms of other elements.
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. Atoms of different elements may combine with each other in a fixed, simple, whole number ratios to form compound atoms

Question 18

what was rutherford’s experiment significance

Answer 18

discovered the nucleus

Question 19

what was the plum pudding model of the atom

Answer 19

made by j.j thompson who discovered the electron

Question 19

what did mendeelev do for chemistry

Answer 19

founder of the periodic table

Question 20

what was bohr’s model of the atom

Answer 20

Number of protons defines elements
Element will always have the same number of protons
Electrons must equal number of protons → electrically neutral
Electrically neutral: no charge

Question 21

what is the mass and location of an electron

Answer 21

1/1837th of a hydrogen atom, outside nucleus

Question 22

what is the mass/location of a proton and neutron

Answer 22

same as hydrogen atom, inside nucleus

Question 23

a chemical change that takes energy in (absorbs) from the surroundings

Answer 23

endothermic reaction

Question 24

a chemical change that takes energy from (exits) the surroundings

Answer 24

exothermic reaction

Question 25

how to find the atomic number on PTand without

Answer 25

number above the element symbol, protons and electrons

Question 26

Atomic number equals

Answer 26

the amount of protons and electrons (if not an isotope) in the element

Question 27

how to find amount of neutrons

Answer 27

mass number - atomic number

Question 28

how to find amount of protons

Answer 28

atomic number

Question 29

how to find amount of electrons

Answer 29

atomic number

Question 30

how to write the nuclear symbol of an isotope

Answer 30

mass number over atomic number

Question 31

what are the four 3d models

Answer 31

simple perspective drawing, ball and stick model, space filling model, and symbolic model

Question 32

how to write nuclear/atomic symbol

Answer 32

fraction of atomic mass/atomic number to the left of the elemental symbol

Question 33

what are the 7 diatomic elements

Answer 33

iodine, hydrogen, nitrogen, bromine, oxygen, chlorine, fluorine

Question 34

what makes up a molecular compound

Answer 34

both nonmetals or one metalloid and the other nonmetal

Question 35

what makes up a covalent compound

Answer 35

two nonmetals

Question 36

how to write a binary compound

Answer 36

prefix for base, -ide for second element

Question 37

how to write a covalent compound

Answer 37

prefix for both elements, -ide for second element

Question 38

list the prefixes

Answer 38

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexta, hepta, octa, nona, deca

Question 39

how to write an ionic compound

Answer 39

name of cation + base name of anion w "-ide"

Question 40

how to write transition metals

Answer 40

Name of cation (metal) + (charge of metal **roman numerals) + base name of anion + “ide”

Question 41

what are the polyatomic ions i must know smh

Answer 41

nh4+, oh-, ch3coo- ammonium, hydroxide, and acetate

Question 42

how to write the chemical formula an ionic compound

Answer 42

Write symbols and charges based on periodic table Switch number charges (crossover method) NEVER ADD PREFIXES

Question 43

what are the four reactions

Answer 43

single replacement reaction, double replacement reaction, combination reaction, and decomposition reaction

Question 44

how to write a single replacement reaction

Answer 44

A + BC → AC + B

Question 45

how to write a double replacement reaction

Answer 45

AB + CD → AD + CB

Question 46

how to write a combination reaction

Answer 46

A + B → AB

Question 47

how to write a decomposition reaction

Answer 47

AB → A + B

Question 48

how to find atomic mass

Answer 48

protons + neutrons

Question 49

how to determine number of protons

Answer 49

number of electrons