unit two

Question 1

solid that forms when two solutions are mixed

Answer 1

precipitate

Question 2

what is a double replacement precipitate reaction

Answer 2

AX + BY → AY + BX

Question 3

chemical particle present in greatest abundance in solution, ionized

Answer 3

major species

Question 4

chemical particle present in lesser abundance in the solution, unionized

Answer 4

minor species

Question 5

equation that replaces the formulas of the dissolved substances with the major species in solution

Answer 5

total ionic equation

Question 6

ionic equation from which all spectators have been removed

Answer 6

net ionic equation

Question 7

how to write the net ionic equation

Answer 7

write balanced conventional equation, then write total ionic equation, then remove the spectator ions

Question 8

reaction where electrons are transferred from one species to another

Answer 8

single replacement oxidation reaction

Question 9

Species that loses electrons is said to be

Answer 9

oxidized

Question 10

Species that gains electrons is said to be

Answer 10

reduced

Question 11

what is a single replacement reaction

Answer 11

A + BX → AX + B

Question 12

reaction where the element that gets replaced undergoes a change in its oxidation state (loses or gains electrons)

Answer 12

redox reaction

Question 13

lists metal elements and hydrogen in order of reactivity in a single-replacement redox reaction

Answer 13

activity series

Question 14

a number assigned to each element in a species that reflects its oxidation state, and is used to keep track of electrons

Answer 14

oxidation number

Question 15

the Oxidation number of each atom in any elemental substance is:

Answer 15

zero

Question 16

the oxidation number of a monatomic ion is the:

Answer 16

same as the charge of the ion

Question 17

oxidation number of combined oxygen is

Answer 17

-2

Question 18

oxidation number of combined hydrogen is

Answer 18

+1

Question 19

the sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion is :

Answer 19

equal to the charge on the species

Question 20

reaction where acid and base react to yield water, which is neutral, that is neither an acid nor a base.

Answer 20

neutralization reaction

Question 21

energy in the form of electric and magnetic waves that propagate (move) in space

Answer 21

electromagnetic radiation

Question 22

em radiation spectrum from lowest to highest frequency

Answer 22

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-Ray
Gamma Rays

Question 23

em radiation spectrum from shortest to longest wavelength

Answer 23

gamma rays, x ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radio waves

Question 24

Energy released by the electron in the form of a massless packet of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 24

photon

Question 25

movement of an electron between orbits

Answer 25

quantum jump/leap

Question 26

the four quantum numbers that describe electron energy levels in an atom:

Answer 26

principal energy level, sublevel, orbital, and number of electrons in an orbital

Question 27

mathematically described region in space around a nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding an electron

Answer 27

orbitals

Question 28

the s sublevel has _ orbitals

Answer 28

1

Question 29

the p sublevel has _ orbitals

Answer 29

3

Question 30

the d sublevel has _ orbitals

Answer 30

5

Question 31

the f sublevel has _ orbitals

Answer 31

7

Question 32

concept that limits the population of any orbital to two electrons

Answer 32

pauli exclusion principle

Question 33

the distribution of electrons among the orbitals of the atom of the element

Answer 33

electron configuration of an element

Question 34

the symbol of the element is surrounded by a number of dots that matches the number of valence electrons.

Answer 34

lewis/electron dot symbol

Question 35

highest-energy s and p electrons in an atom which determines bonding characteristics of an element

Answer 35

valence electron

Question 36

how to determine number of valence electrons

Answer 36

group number, for main group elements only

Question 37

elements that have the same number of electrons in the highest energy level (outermost shell)

Answer 37

group(s)

Question 38

elements that use the same highest energy level (outermost shell of electrons)

Answer 38

period

Question 39

how to write electron configuration

Answer 39

Find elements in the periodic table, identify and write the configuration of the highest occupied energy sublevel. To the left of what is written, list all lower-energy sublevels in order of increasing energy For each filled lower-energy sublevel, write as a superscript the number of electrons that fill that sublevel Confirm that the total number of electrons is the same as the atom number. As we hit the transition metals region of the PT, interruptions appear at 3d electrons.

Question 40

on the PT atom size decreases from

Answer 40

left to right

Question 41

on the PT atom size increases from top to bottom

Answer 41

top to bottom

Question 42

Energy required to remove a second electron from the 1+ ion of an element

Answer 42

second ionization energy

Question 43

energy required to remove an electron from an ion with a 2+ charge

Answer 43

third ionization energy

Question 44

elements with similar chemical properties due to similar valence electron configuration appear in the same group of the table

Answer 44

chemical families

Question 45

unreactive elemental gases appearing in 8A of the periodic table

Answer 45

noble gas

Question 46

Belong to group 1A of the periodic table

Answer 46

alkali metals

Question 47

in forming bonds, atoms seek to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell

Answer 47

octet rule

Question 48

positively charged ion

Answer 48

cation

Question 49

negatively charged ion

Answer 49

anion

Question 50

cations are _

Answer 50

metals

Question 51

anions are _

Answer 51

nonmetals

Question 52

chemical bond between two or more nonmetal atoms that share one or more pair of electrons to make a molecular compound

Answer 52

covalent bond

Question 53

what is the representation that uses an electron dot symbol is used to show the bonding arrangement between atoms in a molecule

Answer 53

lewis diagram

Question 54

unshared electron pairs

Answer 54

lone pair

Question 55

the ability of an atom of that element in a molecule to attract bonding electron pairs to itself

Answer 55

electronegativity of an element

Question 56

bonding electrons are shared equally between the two nuclei

Answer 56

nonpolar bond

Question 57

bonding electrons that are shared unequally between the two nuclei

Answer 57

bonding electrons are shared equally between the two nuclei

Question 58

bonding that involves transfer of electrons

Answer 58

ionic bonding

Question 59

how to Determine if a single-replacement reaction occurs using the activity series.

Answer 59

Basically read the activity series chart up and down, anything below an element can be replaced by the element above it

Question 60

what shape are the orbitals

Answer 60

s: spherical, p: dumbbell, d: butterfly idk

Question 61

what shape is the s orbital

Answer 61

spherical

Question 62

2 things, 2 bonding groups, 180 degrees

Answer 62

linear linear

Question 63

3 things, 3 bonding groups, 120 degrees

Answer 63

trigonal planar trigonal planar

Question 64

3 things, 2 bonding groups, less than 120

Answer 64

trigonal planar bent

Question 65

4 things, 4 bonding groups, 109.5

Answer 65

tetrahedral tetrahedral

Question 66

4 things, 3 bonding groups, less than 109.5

Answer 66

tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal

Question 67

4 things, 2 bonding groups, less than 109.5

Answer 67

tetrahedral bent