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SBI3U > Unit One > Flashcards

Unit One Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the domains?

A

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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2
Q

Taxonomy ranking?

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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3
Q

What makes each domain different?

A

Eukarya contains a true nucleus
Bacteria is prokaryotic
Archaea is bacteria that lives off of anything that isn’t oxygen

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A

Organization, DNA, growth, reproduction, energy, response, regulation, adaption

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5
Q

What are the three main groups of protists?

A

Fungi-like protists, plant-like protists and animal-like protists

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of each protist group?

A

Plant-like protists:
-unicellular or multicellular or colonial
-photosynthetic called algae
-euglenoids, algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates
-Diatoms are plantlike protists with glasslike shells made of silica and they produce large amounts of oxygen

Fungi-like protists:
-heterotrophs that decompose organic matter that can move
-slime molds and water molds
-water molds are freshwater and made of branching strands of cells. They can be parasites to plants and fish

Animal-like protists:
-single-celled heterotrophs that are often called protozoa
-protozoa with flagella are called zooflagellates
-some cause disease
-amoeba move using pseudopods and have the ability to alter their shape

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7
Q

How do protists move?

A

-some protozoa move using pseudopods which are fake feet/limbs
-cilia help protists swim and capture food
-they use their flagella
Animal-like protists are considered moving

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8
Q

What’s a capsule?

A

Sticky protein cover in some bacteria

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9
Q

What’s a cell wall?

A

Protective coat of all bacteria

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10
Q

What’s cell membrane?

A

Controls entry of molecules

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11
Q

What’s a pilus?

A

Protein tube that attaches to other bacteria

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12
Q

What’s a cytoplasm?

A

It contains ions and molecules

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13
Q

What’s the flagellum?

A

A whip-like tail for movement

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14
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Protein needed for synthesis

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15
Q

What’s a plasmid?

A

Small DNA loop contains a few genes that’s responsible for antibacterial resistance

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16
Q

Can viruses infect prions?

A

No

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17
Q

What’s a phototroph?

A

Something that produces its own food from light

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18
Q

What’s the main reason colds keep infecting us?

A

a high mutation rate

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19
Q

What distinguishes a mammal from bird?

A

Live birth of the offspring

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20
Q

What are endotherms?

A

Warm-blooded

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21
Q

What are prions?

A

Misfolded, infectious proteins

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22
Q

Are viruses living? Why or why not?

A

Viruses are not living because they need a host cell to survive, they don’t grow, they can be crystallized and they’re acellular

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23
Q

How can viruses exit the cell?

Study These Flashcards
A

Through cell lysis or exocytosis

24
Q

Describe the lytic cycle

Study These Flashcards
A

It’s very fast, it destroys cell DNA and replaces it with viral DNA, and the symptoms are immediate

Phase 1:Attachment- virus attaches to the cell wall
Phase 2:Penetration- viral enzymes weaken the cell wall and inject their DNA into the host cell
Phase 3:Synthesis- Host cell DNA is taken over by the viral DNA
Phase 4:Assembly- viral protein capsids assemble and fill the cell with viral particles
Phase 5:Lysis- enzymes dissolve the host cell membrane and the cell bursts open
Phase 6:Release- newly formed virus particles are released into the host cells body

25
Describe the lysogenic cycle
It’s slow, and combines viral DNA with the host cells DNA. The symptoms are not immediate, and stress and chemicals can send the lysogenic cycle into the lyric cycle Proceeds the same as the lytic cycle but viral DNA hides host cell DNA, and doesn’t take over the cell. Replication is delayed and infection is latent
26
What are the characteristics of fungi?
Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs, decomposers
27
What’s the difference between fungi and plants?
Fungi don’t photosynthesize or produce their own food. They also have entirely different reproductive cells and methods. They store energy as glycogen rather than starch like plants
28
What are some jobs fungi do?
They decompose, propel nitrogen fixations and mobilize phosphorus
29
How did plants adapt to survive on land?
They developed a cuticle on their outer surface to prevent water loss and a stomata to take small amounts of CO2 from the air for photosynthesis They evolved from a group of green algae called charophytes
30
What’s the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms?
Angiosperms use enclosed seeds to reproduce through a flower, they use double fertilization and are extremely diverse Gymnosperms use naked seeds and reproduce through cones. They don’t use double fertilization and primarily wind pollinated
31
What characteristics do all animals in the animal kingdom share?
Multicellular, eukaryotic, have cell membrane, and are heterotrophic
32
Vertebrates vs invertebrates
Vertebrates have a back nerve cord, internal skeleton and notochord Invertebrates have no notochord, and exoskeleton. Most species are invertebrates
33
What are the characteristics of class reptilia? With an example
Ectotherms with scaly skin Internal fertilization Breathe using lungs Incomplete 4 chambered heart Rattlesnake
34
What are the characteristics of fish? With an example
They’re the majority of vertebrates There’s jawless fish, bony fish and cartilaginous fish Hagfish
35
What are the characteristics of class aves? With an example
Endotherms with feathers Beaks without teeth 4 chambered heart Tetrapods with wings Internal fertilization Acute vision but big brained Birds
36
What are the characteristics of class amphibia? With an example
Ectotherms with a 3 chambered heart Tetrapods Breathe using skin or lungs Mostly external fertilization Three orders: Leg less amphibians, tailless amphibians and tailed amphibians Newt
37
What are the characteristics of class mammalia? With an example
Endotherms with a 4 chambered heart Tetrapods with hair or fur Live birth to their young Nurse young with milk Acute vision, sense of smell and are big brained Platypus
38
What are the characteristics of phylum Cnidaria? With an example
Animals with tissues Jellyfish
39
What are the characteristics of phylum porifera? With an example
Hermaphroditic without tissues Don’t move Unspecialized cells Contain pores and channels Found in marines and freshwater Sponges
40
What are the characteristics of phylum mollusca? With an example
Inhabit all aquatic ecosystems and are the second biggest phylum in kingdom animalia Largest classes: Bivavlia, gastropoda and cephalopoda Squid
41
What are the characteristics of phylum echinodermata? With an example
Marine animals Radically symmetrical Sea urchin
42
What are the characteristics of phylum annelida? With an example
Segmented body Complete digestive system Sexual reproduction Hermaphroditic cross fertilization Leech
43
What are the characteristics of phylum platyhelmithes? With an example
Asexual reproduction through fission Hermaphroditic cross fertilization Sexual reproduction Tapeworms
44
What is the products of mitosis?
2 daughter cells
45
Can bacteria reproduce both asexually and sexually?
No. It can only reproduce asexually(binary fission and endospore formation)
46
What’s endospore formation?
When bacteria asymmetrically divides to create new bacteria that are dormant/asleep
47
What are exotoxins?
Often fatal but has no symptoms Produced and excreted from living bacteria
48
Endotoxins
Non-toxic Can cause diarrhea, vomiting, fever Produced inside the bacteria and releases only when it splits
49
Sexual vs asexual reproduction
Sexual Two parents Genetically unique to the parents High genetic variation rate Slower and high energy needed Asexual One parent Genetically identical to the parent Low genetic variation rate Fast and low energy needed
50
What are the three shapes of bacteria?
Cocci-Round Bacilli-Rod shaped Spririlli-Spirals
51
What are the three groups of bacteria?
Staphylo-clusters Strepto-chains Diplo-pairs
52
Why are mammals teeth important for their diet?
If they eat meat they need to have sharper teeth and they will have more rounded and dull teeth if they are herbivores Their teeth are specialized to fit their bases on the shape, type and sharpness
53
What are the characteristics of bacteria?
Have DNA Prokaryotic Single-celled Asexual reproduction
54
Vaccines vs antibiotics
Vaccines Prevent diseases and infections Used to build resistance to infections Builds the immune system Antibiotics Only work for bacteria Are used to treat infections
55
What’s a bacteriophage, how does it look and what is it made of?
A virus that infects and replicates archaea and bacteria It is made of a tail, capsid, and genetic material It looks has a 20-sides head with or without a tail

SBI3U (3 decks)

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