UNIT ONE Flashcards
(57 cards)
What was the Black Death?
-1346-1348
-Spreads quickly - fleas to rats
-60% death rate
-Estimated to have killed 1/3 of Europe (25 million)
-Returns every generation for generations
What was the Honour code?
Social ethic based on opinion and custom, Honour was your reputation, “Be proud not humble, “Be rich not poor”
What was Renaissance?
French = re-birth, 1300s - 1500s,Renewed interest in history, literature, and art, Considered bridge between Middle Ages and Modern History, beginning of Modern world
What was the peace of Lodi?
Peace agreement in major Italian states to end conflict and brought temporary stability to Italy
What is Hummanism?
Underlying everything in the Renaissance, embraced liberal arts, Focused on earthly actions and concerns of humans, goal of humanist teacher = produce well rounded individuals
What was the printing press?
fostered news and propaganda, encourage literacy and Scholarship, Aided political and religious revolution, led to rise of vernacular literary texts (non-Latin)
Art
Realism emerged in Renaissance painting, 3D Space, vanishing point, acquire depth, mostly Christian art
What was a Renaissance Man?
Person whose expertise spans a significant number of subject areas
Religion
Very powerful force, Thinkers of Renaissance and Reformation would challenge this
What was the Reformation?
A movement that challenged the power of the Church and sought to reform Christian institutions, It was rooted in the culture and politics of the time, influenced by the Renaissance.
What are Indulgences?
A bought pass to salvation sold by the church, INDULGENCES SET OFF THE REFORMATION
What was the 95 thesis?
Argued against indulgences, 95 things wrong with practice, By attacking indulgences – Luther is attacking Church, Word spread quickly → Printing Press
What was the Diet of Worms?
January-May 1521,led by Emperor Charles V (HRE),with representative from Church, here, they asked Luther to submit to them
What was the Edict of Worms?
25th May 1521,Luther = Outlaw, Should be captured , writings forbidden, Edict never enforced, Defended by Fredrich the Wise
What is Protestantism?
Based on three principles,
bible = sole religious authority, faith in Gods mercy, God viewed all people of faith equally
What was the Counter reformation?
Church response to Luther was slow, Popes didn’t want to call a general assembly as in the past they have threatened their power, 1540s Church held a meeting in Trent to clarify catholic doctrines that Luther challenged and improved clerical discipline
What was the Peace of Augsburg?
Permanent legal division of the religion in the HRE, happened in 1555
What was the Thirty Years War?
1618 - 1648, started as Protestant Vs. Catholic in HRE, the European powers got involved such as France and Habsburg, and changed how countries dealt with each other
What was the Peace of Westphalia?
1648, ended 30 years war, did NOT restore peace in Europe, allowed nations to self-determine the religion of their nation, almost a respect for the balance of power
What was the Scientific revolution?
Emergence of modern science – began early modern period close to end of Renaissance, Tremendous influence on the Enlightenment – intellectual social movement, Breakthrough in knowledge of the heavens and Earth
What is Geocentric?
Belief that the Earth is the center of the solar system
What is Heliocentric?
Belief that the Sun is the center of the solar system
What is Absolutism?
A system of government where by the king or Queen rules by divine right
I. Effective control of all competing jurisdictions, interest groups, and institutions – Religion
II. Effective control of economy through new state bureaucracies
III. Maintain permanent standing army and secret police
IV. Sovereign is the state
Palace of Versailles
Palace of Versailles → 20 years to build, INTENTION = TO CONTROL NOBLES, Reflects power and prestige, made nobles fight for kings favour
