UNIT TWO Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is deism?
*Philosophical trend during Enlightenment
*Based on reason
*Advocated simplification of religious rituals
*Believed God did not directly participate in human affairs
What is the Ancien Regime?
The political and social system in France before the Revolution of 1789
What was the Cahiers de Doleances?
Was a book containing a list of grievances
What was the 1st estate?
Clergy of Roman Catholic Church, less than 1% of French population, no taxes, owned 15% of French land
What was the 2nd Estate?
Nobility, less than 2% of French population, few taxes, owned 20% of French land
What was the 3rd Estate?
The masses, over 97% of French population, paid heavy taxes, no voice in making or changing laws
What is Feudalism?
A social system in where the nobility held lands from the crown in exchange for military service
What is secularism?
the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.
Who was Mirabeau?
became voice of the people, championed moderate position, favoured constitutional monarchy (model of Britain), death marked transition from conservative radicalism to a greater lack of compromise, moderate position began to slip away
what is human worlds?
The sphere of human activity, culture, and society, distinct from the natural or physical world
What were the Glrodins
A more moderate group in France
What were the Jacobins?
More radical group in France
what were the October days?
*Demonstration by Parisians motivated by fear of bread shortages
- marched on versailles bringing flour to paris with king and queen
what were the September massacres?
-Jacobins coming to power
-a series of killings and summary executions of prisoners in Paris that occurred in 1792 from 2 September to 6 September during the French Revolution.
what happened on 10th august 1792?
- The Second Revolution
*All who opposed war were enemies of France and revolutionary ideals
*Same time → legislative Assembly not governing successfully
*10 August 1792 Parisians revolted against constitutional monarchy
What is Laissez-faire?
based on free-enterprise, justified competition, unrestricted by laws,
regulations, or government controls, government not to
meddle in business, Laissez Faire = “Let it Be”, tariffs = eliminated, therefore trade unregulated, spread throughout, Europe and USA
What is mercantilism?
based on idea that world had a fixed amount of wealth, government should do all it could to increase the country’s wealth, to increase wealth, one country had to take wealth from another country
What was the Bourgeoisie?
top of the 3rd estate, usually merchants, manufactures, doctors, and lawyers
What is Coup d’Etat?
This is a forceful removal of government
*1799
*Overthrew government of the Directory
*Provisional government of 3 consuls
→ Napoleon = 1st consul (10 years)
→ Dominated government
→ Appointed other two consuls
*New government preserved appearance of Republic… but really established a dictatorship
What was “Whiff of Grapeshot”
*5 October 1795 uprising in Paris (Royalist mob)
- used what were known as grapeshot’s (small iron balls) to quell a royalist uprising
what was the battle of Austerlitz?
Battle of Austerlitz
*Austria December 1805 – Napoleon greatest victory
*Defeated combined forces of Francis II (Austria) and Alexander I (Russia) – i.e. Battle of the Three Emperors
What was the Peninsular War?
Napoleon’s Failures → Peninsular War
*Spain began to have doubts
*War lasted 6 years (1808 – 1814)
*War drained France’s military resources
*Ended in 1814 with Britain’s help
What were the Hundred days?
- Beginning of the Hundred Days
*Napoleon led army into Paris - Hundred Days Impact
*Proved costly for France
*Second peace of Paris
→Lost territory
→Pay war damages
→Occupation until paid
What was the domestic Policy during napoleon France?
*First 5 years of leadership
*Authority in France now centralized
*Presented illusion of democracy
-The Concordat (1801) - Replaced Civil Constitution of Clergy
-Napoleonic Code (1804) - Civil code
→ First uniform set of laws France ever had, Embodied values of Revolution
→ Liberal ideas of philosophes
