Unit One Flashcards
(77 cards)
What is an iceberg identity
A way to categorize the elements that define you and create your identity. Visibility versus invisibility.
Define ‘explore’
Travel in or through (an unfamiliar country or area) in order to learn about or familiarize oneself with it.
Define ‘power’
The capacity or ability to direct or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events.
Privilege
A special right, immunity, unearned advantage or entitlement, used to one’s own benefit or to the detriment of others.
Name the 3 types of equality & define them
Equality of Rights: Everyone will benefit from the same support
Equality of Opportunity: People are given different supports
True Equity: No supports or accommodations are needed; systematic barrier is removed
What is a socially dominant group?
A group that has access to privilege and power within society. They are given social, economic and political power.
Anthropology
Scientific study of human origins and human culture over time.
Focuses on: cultural groups/species throughout time and how culture has shaped lives
Fieldwork = ethnography
Define ‘Culture’
Refers to the sum of attitudes, customs & beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. It is transmitted through language, material objects, ritual institutions & art, from one generation to the next.
Cultural Anthropology (Ethnography)
Components shared patterns of learned behaviours in a a particular society and with those in another. Examines contemporary customs, rituals and cultures.
Participant Observation
The act of immersing oneself in a culture in order to gain an inside experience and understand it more thoroughly.
Emic
Within the social group; subjective. Holds an emphasis on differences between cultures & patterns that are unique.
Etic
From outside the social group; objective. Holds an emphasis on similarities between cultures.
What is an invention?
Internal change; a new product, idea or social pattern, may be purposeful or accidental
What is acculturation?
External change; the process of contact, exposure & exchange of ideas between different cultures resulting in adaption to one or both groups.
What is diffusion?
External change; the spread of a cultural trait from one society to another through contact (trade, war, etc0.
Cultural Materialism
The physical materials, conditions and economic activity within an environment determine how the ideas and ideology of a culture develop. Cultural changes occur within a framework of 3 levels: infrastructure, structure, and superstructure.
Superstructure
The ideology of a culture, its beliefs and values, such as religion.
Structure
How the culture is organized, such as political systems, laws and families
Infrastructure
The technological, economic and demographic factors of a culture. Infrastructure is how people attend to their basic needs of survival and reproduction. Influences the other two levels.
Harris
Cultural Materialism; believed that problems within society are the result of trying to meet the needs of the majority of its members. Society relies on social structure & requires institutions to provide stability
Determinism
Physical materials, conditions & economic activity dictate how ideas/ideology of a culture develop
Functionalism
The function of beliefs and institutions in a society is to meet the physical and psychological needs of the majority of its members. Problems in society are the result of trying to meet these needs. Changes occur by shared values and norms.
Norms
Expectations of appropriate conduct that serve as the basis of all social interaction.
Institutions (Anthropology)
Established laws, practices, customs, religion, the economy, schools, etc
