Unit Six

Question 1

What is a responsible government?

Answer 1

a government responsible/accountable to the people that elects it

Question 2

What did the “Act of Union” do?

Answer 2

It united British colonies of upper and lower Canada

Question 3

What did the French Canadians of lower Canada want?

Answer 3

More control of education and spending of revenue generated in lower Canada

Question 4

What did upper Canada want?

Answer 4

decrease the control of the English church and have more influence in government

Question 5

What did Robert Baldwin do?

Answer 5

he encouraged Lord Durham ( a representative of the British government) to recommend a responsible government to teh British.

Later on he also allowed Louis La Fontaine to run and be elected in York when la Fontaine was forced to not run.

Question 6

Why did Baldwin let LaFotaine run and be elected?

Answer 6

• to promote the idea of biculturalism
• they ended in a partnership in Parliament and worked for responsible government

Question 7

What were internal factors of confederation?

Answer 7

• loss of free trade with the US
• political deadlock between Upper and Lower Canada

Question 8

What were external factors of confederation?

Answer 8

• Manifest destiny; American ideology that US should expand across the North American continent
• war of 1812
• the American civil war

Question 9

What are issues relating to Canada’s evolution?

Answer 9

• expansion
• population
• transportation
• economics
• internationalism
• Canadian sovereignty

Question 10

How have immigrants changed Canada?

Answer 10

Chagned the Canadian identity to a multicultural one

Question 11

How have Francophones changed Canada?

Answer 11

demands for French rights and independence for Quebec, developed separate identity and nationalism

Question 12

How have Aboriginal people changed Canada?

Answer 12

relationship changed from paternalistic to self-government

Question 13

How have women changed Canada?

Answer 13

Struggle for equality and recognition changed many aspects for the nation

Question 14

What is federalism?

Answer 14

• system that divide the power to make laws between a central or federal government and a number of provincial and territorial legislatures

Question 15

What does federal government do?

Answer 15

Deal with matters concerning the entire country (ex. taxes, health care)

Question 16

What do provincial/territorial governments do?

Answer 16

Deal with matters concerning their particular parts of the country (ex. taxes, hospital)

Question 17

What problems did Quebec have with provincial autonomy (independence)?

Answer 17

desired provincial autonomy to preserve the French culture and struggles against how Federalism unite sit with the other regions

Question 18

What problems did other provinces have with provincial autonomy (independence)?

Answer 18

struggle with control of tax revenue, health care, natural resources

Question 19

What is NEP?

Answer 19

National Energy Program
- attempt to fix energy and economic crisis of 1970s (oil producing nations formed OPEC and raised the world price of oil)
- NEP was an attempt to redistribute tax revenue from the oil industry in Canada and protect Canadians from high cost oil
- resulted in western Canada alienation and still has issues

Question 20

What is the trans mountain pipeline?

Answer 20

• bought to try to revive the project of transporting oil through BC to the US
• proposed by oil producers and approved by the government to expand capacity and reach new markets abroad

Question 21

What was the Constitutional Amendment Proclamation?

Answer 21

• first ever change to the original constitution
• made after Aboriginal groups lobbied for their rights to be more clearly enshrined in the constitution

Question 22

What is the First Nations’ self-government described as?

Answer 22

• continue to interact with neighbouring communities
• constitution and charter of rights and freedoms still apply to FN governments
• provincial and federal laws still followed
• First nations’ municipal, provincial, federal governments are equals
• receive same services and opportunities as other Canadians
• FN practices and institutions key part of their governments
• create laws and services that directly meet the needs of their citizens, outside bodies cannot determine what is best
• cultures are preserved and a source of pride to First Nations people

Question 23

Why was the creation of Nunavut important?

Answer 23

The dream of a self-governing Inuit government came true

Question 24

What did the First Nations children have to do at Residential schools?

Answer 24

they were:
- forbidden to speak their own language/practice their own religion
- punished for speaking aboriginal languages
- had to dress and behave like non-aboriginals
- received job training only for basic service tasks in non-aboriginal communities (traditional survival skills lost)

Question 25

What apologies were made to the First Nations?

Answer 25

- 2008 Steven Harper apologised formally in the House of Commons - 2019 Justin Trudeau apologised for how the federal government managed tuberculosis in the Arctic

Question 26

Why did Women use to not have rights?

Answer 26

- before confederation you had to be white, male, and own property to vote - the BNA act established women as not persons in rights and privileges - argued women voting threatened families

Question 27

What was the persons case?

Answer 27

- because of the BNA act Emily Murphy wasn't allowed to be appointed to the federal senate - she decided to purse the appeal process to supreme court - court declared women non-people though

Question 28

How did women gain rights?

Answer 28

- the famous five approached the prime minister, who helped them get to the British Privy Council (British were the only ones who could decide on legal constitutional changes back then) - the British Privy Council declared women as persons

Question 29

What are some current days inequalities for women?

Answer 29

- different wages - prejudice and attitudes limiting the jobs they apply to - numbers in high government authority or administration

Question 30

What was the Meech Lake Accord?

Answer 30

- failed to get Quebec to formally agree to the new constitution - compromised; accord would recognise Quebec as a distinct society - needed unanimous approval of provinces, didn't end up passing

Question 31

What was the Charlottetown Accord?

Answer 31

- failure of Meech Lake seen as a failure to openly discuss constitutional reform with the people of Canada and to include the First nations, came to an agreement which was the Charlottetown Accord

Question 32

What were terms in the Charlottetown Accord?

Answer 32

- constitutional changes would focus on greater provincial control over most natural resources, funding provinces who wanted to develop their own programs normally funded by federal grants and allow the federal government to prevent legislation that violated national guidelines - Aboriginal self-government would take effect 3 years after the Accord's approval and increase Aboriginal representation in Parliament - a "Canada Clause" outlining Canadian values would be made - the number of seats in the House of Commons would increase, Quebec gain 25% - formal acknowledgement of a consultative process that included aboriginal leaders - a "Triple E-Senate" would be created

Question 33

What are factors of Canada's political identity?

Answer 33

- a bilingual nation - not trying to expand beyond borders - society of people determined to survive and be successful - ongoing immigration always adjusting Canadian identity - official policy of multiculturalism affects national identity - shares border with the US - second largest ecountry by land mass in the world

Question 34

What is peacekeeping?

Answer 34

Right after an armed conflict has ended, soldiers from other countries are placed between the aggressive groups to observe and maintain the peace process (mainly done by UN)

Question 35

What is peacemaking?

Answer 35

prevent armed conflict through diplomacy

Question 36

What is NATO?

Answer 36

Military alliance of US, Canada, and Western European nations - more joined or want to join after the break up of the Soviet Union

Question 37

What are benefits of NATO membership?

Answer 37

- shared defence costs - collective security - chance of conflict less likely

Question 38

What is the Kyoto protocol?

Answer 38

- called for big cuts to emissions by 2012 - critics said it would be a financial strain - repealed 2012, argued not many countries were set to reach teh goal

Question 39

What is the Paris Agreement?

Answer 39

Made with the goal to keep global temperatures from rising this century to well below 2 degrees Celsius