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Social 20-1 > Unit Two > Flashcards

Unit Two Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What are National Interests?

A

Aspects a nation sees as important to achieve internationally (important for democratic leaders to follow)

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2
Q

What are Canada’s national interests based around?

A

Often connected with interests of other nations (positive economic and political ties)

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3
Q

Formula for WWI?

A

Nationalism+ Militarism+Alliances+Imperialism= WWI

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4
Q

What did Imperialism give European nation states?

A

oversea resources

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5
Q

What did militarism give European nation states?

A

allowed them to compete by increasing military strength and giving military a strong hand in government

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6
Q

What did alliances give European nation states?

A

allowed them to protect interests together

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7
Q

Who was Austro-Hungary’s ally?

A

Germany

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8
Q

Who was Serbia’s ally?

A

Russia

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9
Q

Why couldn’t Germany let Austro-Hungary fall?

A

It would be isolated among opposing smaller nation states

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10
Q

Two reasons war among the European Nation States was inevitable?

A

1) Serbian nationalism was at a high after getting independence from the Ottoman Empire. More aggressive action could help reach their goal of a united Slavic empire

2) Austro-Hungary had its “back to the Wall”(If it didn’t deal firmly with Serbian goals, the other nations would become demanding or unite with Serbia to force the issue)

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11
Q

Why did Russians sponsor the Balkan Wars?

A

They wanted to defend Orthodox Christianity in the Balkans, promote “Pan-Slavism” (all slavic people should unite), and had war history with the Ottoman Empire

Also wanted the two crucial water ways that went through the Ottoman territory

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12
Q

Why were responses from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdiand important?

A
  • If Austro-Hungary didn’t act from strength it could be divided among nations; they needed a sift and fast reaction from the government
  • Serbia couldn’t accept Austro-Hungary’s demands to investigate in Serbia if it wanted to maintain its independent nation state status
  • Serbia’s politicians could also be killed if they followed demands (by extremist groups like the Black Hand)
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13
Q

How did WWI start?

A
  • Germany guarantees support to Austro-Hungary (didn’t think Russia was in a spot to support Serbia)
  • Austro-Hungary gives Serbia ultimatum with many demands (Russia tells Serbia to accept all but two of the demands)
  • Austria not satisfied; declares war
  • France pledges support to Russia (ally)
  • armies mobilised, system of alliances put into power
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14
Q

Steps leading to WWI?

A

Competing Foreign Policies, Nationalism, Imperialism, Military Arms Race, Alliance System, Balkan Crisis = WWI

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15
Q

What did Ottoman Von Bismark do with Germany?

A

United Germany, believed coercion and alliances would make Germany strong, conquered oppositions (France), made close ties with competitors (Russia), entered alliances to control aggressors, tight control over Austria

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16
Q

What did Wilhelm II do to Germany?

A

Sent it through fast Industrial and military expansion, became involved in an arms race with Britain, made alliances with Italy and Austria, thought Britain would say out of the upcoming war if Germany didn’t attack France andcompensated Belgium for crossing borders. thought pan-slavism was a threat to pan-germanism

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17
Q

How did the Triple Entente get made?

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A

Signing the Entente Cordiale meant Britain and France have an agreement for a friendly relationship, but France had an agreement with Russia (Britain and Russia aren’t friendly), but Germany as a growing rival forced Britain to set aside differences and form the Triple Entente with Russia and France

18
Q

Who makes up the triple alliance?

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A

Germany, Austria, Italy

19
Q

What is propaganda?

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A

Any program made to promote an ideology or foster particular attitudes through publication in various visuals and print media

20
Q

What is propaganda used for?

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A
  • promote nationalism and gain support from citizens
  • keep more at “Home Front”
  • encourage volunteering in a supporting role at home
  • portray the enemy as evil that needs to be fought
  • promote patriotism to gain support in war
  • increase recruitment in armed forces
  • provide citizens with government approved version of war
21
Q

What did Prime Minister Borden promise the Imperial War Council

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A

500 000 troops (high for the population, but he believed war was a way for Canada to prove itself internationally)

22
Q

Why were French Canadians loyal to Canada but not willing to fight for Britain?

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A
  • immigrants’ past experiences weren’t positive, they had no bonds with their nation state of origin
  • farmers and union leaders felt their work was essential, and couldn’t enlist
23
Q

What is the military services act?

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A

Borden was pressured to maintain numbers, so he went against election promises and put in a conscription law through the Military Services Act

24
Q

What is the Royal Twenty-Second Regiment?

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A
  • French Canadians were upset by a lack of enlistment from Quebec
  • wealthy citizens thought more would enlist if they served with other French-Canadians
  • so they created the Royal Twenty-Second Regimen (nicknamed Van Doos)
25
What is the Battle of Passenchendale?
Cruel ordeal where Canadians and Van Doos went though a series of attacks and harsh conditions while the British divisions began assault on Passenchendale, 4/5 ended up dead, 9 won the Victoria cross there
26
What is the Royal Newfoundland Regiment?
July 1, British and French Troops went across No Man's Land, , French gained almost all objectives but British gained almost no objectives, lost 2/3 of soldiers, July 1st in Newfoundland is still a day to commemorate and mourn
27
What was the Battle of Vimy Ridge?
First time all Canadian Crops moved forward together, hard and costly but had good results
28
What is Xenophobia?
Feelings of distrust, even hate, towards immigrants or descendants of immigrants from an enemy country (often called enemy aliens)
29
What are internment Camps ?
concentration camps created to house "enemy aliens" that failed to register, failed to report monthly, travel without permission, write to relatives, "act suspicious", be "undesirable", being "indigent (poor and unemployed)
30
Problems that effected war negotiation treaties in WWI?
- alliances had secret meetings and planned how to divide winnings - ottoman, Austro-Hungary, Russian Empire fell and created many new nations - Lenin formed Communist government in Russia (first) - citizens of all countries experienced personal and financial hardships - lots of property damage - both Britain and France wanted to blame Germany for war and get revenge - Power for negotiating mainly in control of the Big Four (Britain, France, US, Italy)
31
What was the American perspective after WWI?
idealist and pacifist; wanted peace, wanted to make League of Nations to prevent tensions
32
What was the French perspective after WWI?
wanted revenge on Germany; weaken Germany permanently, regain former lands, and take new land
33
What was the British perspective after WWI?
at first tried to balance the US and France views but the people wanted reparations; eventually agreed with France for revenge
34
What was the Italian perspective after WWI?
determined to get Austrian lands promised in a secret treaty with the Allies
35
What were Woodrow Wilson's fourteen points based around?
Self determination for all European nations, open diplomacy (no secrets) among European Nations, organization/association where nations work together (League of Nations)
36
What were problems in the European nations after WWI?
- big debt - property damages - war widows - damaged land - disabled soldiers - economic downturn
37
What was the German perspective after WWI?
Not invited to peace treaty talks, not allowed to represent its side even after forming a democratic government after Wilhelm II
38
What was the Canadian perspective after WWI?
entered war as a colony of Britain, proved itself through Battle of Vimy Ridge, got to represent itself at the peace conference in Paris
39
What did the Treaty of Versailles give Canada?
obtained small share of indemnities paid by Germany, given two seats in the conference in representation of the British Empire Delegation, got to sign under the delegation for Great Britain, got separate representation in the Assembly of League of Nations, eventually a representative of Canada was elected into the Council of the league
40
What were criticisms of the Versailles Settlements?
- all of the settlements were made by the Big Four, the defeated states weren't allowed to discuss terms - Germany's punishment was excessive (considering the state of Europe before WWI) - victorious powers didn't disarm but the defeated powers were disarmed to an extreme - in many cases the Big Four abandoned the principles of nationalism
41
What did the war guilt cause state?
- Germany accept full responsibility for the war (injured German National Pride) - the Allies could prosecute German military for war crimes, six were convicted - Germany had to pay for all the war damages/reparations (about $12.5 billion)
42
What were other terms that affected Germany?
- army reduced to 100 000 - couldn't have an air force or submarines (limited to 6 large ships) - lost all foreign colonies to France and Britain - important resources and industrial region occupied by Allies, no German military allowed to be there

Social 20-1 (7 decks)

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