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AP Government > Unit Test 2 > Flashcards

Unit Test 2 Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Consensus

A

General agreement among the citizenry on an issue

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2
Q

Divisive opinion

A

Public opinion that is polarized between two different opinions

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3
Q

Gender gap

A

The difference between the percentage of women who vote for a particular candidate and the percentage of men who vote for the candidate

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4
Q

Generational affect

A

A long lasting effect of the events of a particular time in the on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time

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5
Q

Life cycle effect

A

Concept that people change as they grow older because of age specific experiences and thus are likely to hold age specific experiences and thus are likely to hold age specific attitudes

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6
Q

Managed news

A

Information generated and distributed by the government in such a way as to give government interests priority

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7
Q

Media

A

Channels of mass communication

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8
Q

No opinion

A

Lack of opinion on issue among the majority

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9
Q

Opinion leader

A

People who are able to influence the opinions of others because of the position expertise or personality

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10
Q

Opinion poll

A

A method of systematically questioning a small selected sample of respondents who are deemed representatives of the total population

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11
Q

Peer group

A

Socialization groups of similar interests

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12
Q

Political socialization

A

The process in which people acquire political beliefs and attitudes

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13
Q

Political trust

A

The degree to which individuals express trust in the government and political institutions usually measured through a specific series of survey questions

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14
Q

Public opinion

A

The aggregate of individual attitudes or the beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population

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15
Q

Sampling error

A

The difference between a samples results and the true result if the entire population had been interviewed

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16
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

The value assigned to a person due to occupation or income. An upper class person has high socioeconomic status

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17
Q

Agenda setting

A

Determining which public policy questions will be debated or considered

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18
Q
  1. Boycott
A

Ignoring something in protest

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19
Q

Climate control

A

The use of public relations techniques to create favorable public opinion toward an interest group

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20
Q

Direct technique

A

An interest group activity that involves interaction with government officials to further the groups goals

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21
Q

Free rider problem

A

The difficulty interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits they achieve can be gained without joining the group

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22
Q

Incentive

A

A reason or motive to do something or support a group

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23
Q

Indirect strategy

A

A strategy employed by interest groups that uses third parties to influence government officials

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24
Q

Interest groups

A

An organized group of individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policy makers

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25
Labor movement
Generally the economic and political expression of working class interests. Politically the organization of working class interests
26
Latent interests
Public policy interests that are not recognized or addressed by a group at a particular time
27
Lobbyist
An organization or individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of government
28
Material incentive
A reason or motive for supporting or participating in the activities of a group based on economic benefits or opportunities
29
Public interest
The best interests of the overall community; the national good, rather than the narrow interests of a particular group
30
Purposive insentive
The reason for supporting or participating in the activities of a group based on the agreement with the goals of the group. For example someone with a strong interest in human rights might have a purposive incentive to join amnesty international.
31
Service sector
The sector of the economy that provides services such as health care, banking, and education in contrast to the sector that produces good
32
Social movement
A movement that represents the demands of a large segment of the public for political economic or social change
33
Solitary incentive
A reason or motive for supporting or participating in the activities of a group based on the desire to associate with others and to share with others a particular interest or hobby
34
8. Convention delegates
Delegates are individuals chosen to represent their states at their party conventions prior to a presidential election
35
dealignment
A decline in party loyalties that reduces long term party commitment
36
Divided government
A situation in which one major political party controls the presidency and the other controls the chambers of congress. Or in which one party controls a state governorship and the other controls state legislature
37
Electoral college
A group of persons called electors who are selected by the voters in each state. This group officially elects the president and the Vice President
38
era of good feelings
James Monroe, no political opposition
39
Faction
A sub group or bloc within a legislature or political party acting in pursuit of some special interest or position
40
National committee
A standard committee of a national political party establishment to direct and coordinate party activities between national party conventions
41
National convention
Event held every four years by each major party to select a president
42
Party identification
Linking to a particular party
43
Party in government
All of the elected and appointed officials who identify with a political party
44
Party in the electorate
Those members of the general public who identify with a political party or who express a preference for one party over another
45
Party organization
The formal structure and leadership of a political party, including election committees, local state and national executives and paid professional staff
46
Party platform
A document drawn up at each national convention outlining the policies, positions and principles of the party
47
Patronage
Rewarding faithful party workers and followers with government employment and contracts
48
Plurality
A number of votes cast for a candidate that is greater than the number of votes for any other candidate but not necessarily a majority
49
Political party
Group of political activists who organize to win elections, operate the government and determine public policy
50
Realignment
A process in which a substantial group of voters switches party allegiance, producing a long term change in the political landscape
51
Safe seat
A district that returns the legislator with 55 percent of the vote or more
52
Splinter parties
A new party formed by a dissident faction within a major political party. often splinter parties have emerged when a particular personality was at odds with the major party
53
State central committee
The principle organized structure of each political party within each state. This committee is responsible for carrying out policy decisions of the party's state convention
54
Straight ticket voting
Voting exclusively for the candidates of one party
55
Swing voters
Voters who frequently swing their support from one party to another
56
Third party
A political party other than the two major political parties
57
Ticket splitting
Voting for candidates of two or more parties for different offices
58
Tipping
When a group becomes so big and powerful it changes the political balance in a district state or country
59
Two party system
A political system in which only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning
60
Unit rule
A rule by which all of a states electoral votes are cast for the presidential candidate receiving a plurality of the popular vote in that state
61
Whig party
A major party in the US during the first half of the 19th century, formally established in 1836
62
9. Australian ballot
A secret ballot prepared distributed and tabulated at public expense
63
Battleground state
A state likely to be closely fought
64
beauty contest
A presidential primary in which contending candidates compete for popular votes but the results don't control the selection of delegates to the national convention
65
Caucus
A meeting of party members designed to select candidates and propose policies
66
Closed primary
A type of primary in which the voter is limited to choosing candidates of the party of which he or she is a member
67
Coat tail effect
The influence of a popular candidate on the electoral success of other candidates on the same party ticket. The effect is increased by the party column ballot which encourages straight ticket voting
68
Communications director
A professional specialist who plans the communications strategy and advertising campaign for the candidate
69
Corrupt practices act
A series of acts passed by congress in an attempt to limit and regulate the size and sources of contributions and expenditures in political campaigns
70
Credentials committee
A committee used by political parties at their national conventions to determine which delegates may participate. The committee inspects the claim of each prospective delicate to be seated as a legitimate representative of his or her state
71
Electors
A member of the electoral college which selects the president and Vice President
72
Finance chairperson
The campaign professional who directs fundraising, campaign spending and compliance with campaign finance laws and reporting requirements
73
Focus group
A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions
74
Front loading
The practice of moving presidential primary elections to the early part of the campaign to maximize the impact of these primaries on the nomination
75
Front runner
The presidential candidate who appears to be the head of the game
76
GOTV
The phrase describing the multiple efforts expended by campaigns to get voters out on the polls on Election Day
77
Hard money
Referring to political contributions and campaign spending that is recorded under the regulations set forth in law and by the federal election comission

AP Government (2 decks)

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