Unit Test card deck

Question 1

what are the elements of the body?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 2

what percent of the body do C,H,O,N make up

Answer 2

96%

Question 3

Inorganic compounds do not contain

Answer 3

carbon (except CO2, CO)

Question 4

Organic Compounds

Answer 4

Contain carbon (and hydrogen)

Question 5

what type of bonds does carbon form

Answer 5

Covalent bonds

Question 6

what are the forms of single double and triple bonds

Answer 6

C-C, C=C, C=_C

Question 7

define polymerization

Answer 7

process by which large molecules are formed by joining together small molecules

Question 8

Monomer definition

Answer 8

small molecule (single building block of a polymer)

Question 9

Polymer definition

Answer 9

large molecule (made from adding monomers together)

Question 10

Marcomolecule definition

Answer 10

very large polymers

Question 11

What are the four main biomolecules in the body

Answer 11

Carbohydrates
Lipids (Fat and Cholesterol)
Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 12

What is the main function of carbs

Answer 12

Short term energy

Question 13

Ratio of Carbohydrates

Answer 13

C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio (CHO with a HO in a 2 to 1 ratio)

Carbohydrates are hydrated carbon. Every Carbon atom has an H2O attached in the form of H and an -OH

Question 14

Monosacchrides are also known as

Answer 14

Simple sugars (The monomers)

Question 15

Glucose =

Answer 15

blood sugar

Question 16

Fructose =

Answer 16

fruit sugar

Question 17

Isomers

Answer 17

Chemical compounds made of the same kind and number of atoms, but are bonded differently.

Same atoms, put together in a different way

Question 18

If carbon is shown without surrounding atoms, what can you assume is surrounding the carbon?

Answer 18

Hydrogen

Question 19

Disaccharides

Answer 19

2 monosaccharides joined together

Question 20

Sucrose (Table Sugar) =

Answer 20

Glucose + Fructose

Question 21

Maltose=

Answer 21

Glucose + Glucose

Question 22

Lactose =

Answer 22

Glucose + Galactose

Question 23

Oligosaccharides definition

Answer 23

A few monosaccharides covalently linked

Question 24

where are Oligosaccharides found?

Answer 24

attached to proteins or lipids

Question 25

Example of oligosaccharides found on the outside of cells

Answer 25

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids are found on the outside of the cells. They help with cell to cell interactions and cell signaling.

Question 26

Polysaccharides

Answer 26

long chains of monosaccharides and or disaccharides joined together. Chains may form branches

Question 27

Polysaccharides are the main way humans store what

Answer 27

Sugar (glucose)

Question 28

Examples of polusaccharides

Answer 28

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 29

Plants store excess sugar in what form

Answer 29

starch (aka Amylose)

Question 30

foods that contain a great deal of starch are

Answer 30

potatoes, pasta, bread

Question 31

What form do animals store excess sugars in

Answer 31

Glycogen

Question 32

Where is glycogen stored

Answer 32

liver and muscles

Question 33

you try to make a warehouse of this polysaccharide when you start carboloading

Answer 33

glycogen

Question 34

This polysaccharide is found only in plants

Answer 34

Cellulose

Question 35

cellulose is indigestible and so is also known as

Answer 35

Fiber

Question 36

Why do we eat fiber if we cant digest it

Answer 36

It is natures intestinal scrub brush. Keeps things moving in your digestive system, good for the bacteria in your digestive system.

Question 37

why can't you digest cellulose

Answer 37

we don't have an enzyme to break beta bonds between the glucose molecules

Question 38

ranking of carbohydrates based on their ability to be converted to glucose in the body

Answer 38

Glycemic Index

Question 39

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 39

When two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide a molecule of water is lost. You lose a H off of one monomer and a OH off of a second monomer.

Question 40

How are carbohydrates made and broken down?

Answer 40

Made by Dehydration synthesis (lose a water to put two monomers together). AKA Condensation reaction Broken down by Hydrolysis (add a water back in...the reverse of dehydration synthesis).

Question 41

To break a disaccharide down into monosaccharides what molecule must be added

Answer 41

A molecule of water (H2O)

Question 42

Carbon can form what types of structures

Answer 42

long chains, branched chains, and rings

Question 43

Which polysaccharides are used for storage?

Answer 43

Starch and glycogen

Question 44

Which polysaccharide is used for structure?

Answer 44

Cellulose

Question 45

What does having a low glycemic index mean

Answer 45

smaller rise in blood sugar following meals.

Question 46

What are some of the benefits of a low glycemic index diet?

Answer 46

``` weight loss improve sensitivity to insulin help control diabetes keep you feeling fuller longer help prolong physical endurance re-fuel carbohydrate stores after exerciese ```

Question 47

3 functions of lipids

Answer 47

store long term energy, form cell membranes, used as messengers in the body(hormones)

Question 48

what lipids are found in the body

Answer 48

triglycerides, phospholipids, steriods

Question 49

what are triglycerides made of

Answer 49

3 fatty acids and a glycerol

Question 50

what is lost when glycerol combines with fatty acids

Answer 50

water

Question 51

what are the types of fatty acids

Answer 51

saturates, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated

Question 52

what are properties of saturated fatty acids

Answer 52

every carbon atom has a hydrogen attached to it, no c=c double bonds

Question 53

what are properties of monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 53

have 2 less hydrogens and only 1 c=c double bond

Question 54

what are the properties of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 54

have the least number of hydrogens and many c=c double bonds

Question 55

fats are what at room temp

Answer 55

solid

Question 56

fats are produced from what

Answer 56

mostly animals

Question 57

are fats saturated or unsaturated

Answer 57

saturated

Question 58

oils are what at room temp

Answer 58

liquid

Question 59

oils are made from what

Answer 59

plants

Question 60

are oils saturated or unsaturated

Answer 60

unsaturated

Question 61

what are the functions of proteins

Answer 61

make up tissues and organs

Question 62

amino acids are what of protein

Answer 62

the building blocks of protein

Question 63

what 4 groups are amino acids made of

Answer 63

central carbon, r group, amine group, carboxyl group

Question 64

how many different r groups are there

Answer 64

20

Question 65

what is a polypeptide

Answer 65

a long chain of amino acids

Question 66

what type of bond is formed between amino acids

Answer 66

peptide bonds

Question 67

what is an enzyme

Answer 67

a protein that acts as a catalyst

Question 68

what are characteristics of enzymes

Answer 68

lower activation energy, are very specific, have active sites to allow for binding

Question 69

what are characteristics of nucleic acids

Answer 69

are the information molecules of the cell, also known as molecules of inheritance, make up genes, there are 2 types, DNA, RNA

Question 70

what are nucleic acids made from

Answer 70

monomers called nucleotides

Question 71

what are the 3 parts they are made of

Answer 71

phosphate group, nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar

Question 72

Bad cholesterol (sticks to walls of arteries)

Answer 72

LDL

Question 73

Good Cholesterol (frees LDL and returns it to the blood stream)

Answer 73

HDL

Question 74

Polar molecules have oppositely charged ______?

Answer 74

ends

Question 75

what is specific heat

Answer 75

water retains heat, it is slow to cool down, and slow to heat up

Question 76

water is the universal _____?

Answer 76

solvent

Question 77

what sharing does a nonpolar covalent bond have

Answer 77

equal sharing

Question 78

what sharing does a polar covalent bond have

Answer 78

unequal sharing

Question 79

Primary Structure

Answer 79

Sequence of a chain of amino acids (number and sequence)

Question 80

Secondary Structure

Answer 80

Sequence linked by hydrogen bonds, alpha helices and pleated sheets

Question 81

Tertiary Protein Structure

Answer 81

Occurs between attractions in R group

Question 82

Quaternary Structure

Answer 82

consists of more than one amino acid chain (folded over on itself)