Unit two Flashcards
Which hormones remain in circulation for the longest time?
steroid hormones
A capillary portal system is found in which of the following endocrine structures?
Pituitary gland
The production of PTH by the parathyroid gland results in ______________________.
decreased excretion of calcium by the kidneys
Which of the following is a result of the release of natriuretic peptides by the heart?
sodium and water loss from the kidneys
Which of the following are the dominant hormones of the resistance phase of the stress response?
glucocorticoids
A congenital endocrine disorder might arise from _______________________.
the enzymes required for normal glandular function are abnormal
Which statement regarding olfactory organs is FALSE?
Olfactory organs are made up of four cell types.
To which taste sensation are humans the most sensitive?
bitter
Which of the following is true regarding differences between gustation and olfaction?
Some types of molecules directly depolarize cell membranes in gustation, whereas olfaction relies solely on the binding of molecules to membrane proteins.
You walk out of a darkened movie theater into bright sunlight. Which of the following would most likely result?
There would be increased parasympathetic stimulation to the muscles of the iris
The cornea is part of the ________________.
fibrous layer
If a man had a genetic mutation that eliminated his green and blue cones, how would his color perception be affected?
He would be able to see black, white, shades of gray, and colors other than red.
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the vestibular complex?
cochlear duct
Which structure makes contact with the stereocilia of hair cells?
tectorial membrane
Motor commands issued by the vestibular nuclei are distributed to motor nuclei to produce reflexive movements of the ______________.
eye, head, and neck
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the autonomic nervous system (ANS) anatomy?
The parasympathetic division axons emerge from the thoracic and superior lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
Which parasympathetic ganglion sends postganglionic fibers to innervate the parotid salivary glands?
otic ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion axons innervate which of the following organs?
kidney
Which statement regarding membrane receptors at the target organs is FALSE?
Adrenergic β3 receptors are involved with cardiac muscle stimulation and increased tissue metabolism.
Characteristics of the sympathetic division of the ANS include _________________.
short preganglionic fibers
Which of the following results from increased parasympathetic stimulation?
increased insulin secretion by the pancreas
Which visceral reflex(es), stimulated by pressure and physical contact, occur(s) via vagus nerve innervation?
gastric and intestinal reflexes
Chemoreceptors of carotid bodies ________________.
are sensitive to changes in the pH, Pco2, and Po2 in arterial blood
Which brain structure is considered the sympathetic and parasympathetic headquarters?
hypothalamus
