Unit1

Question 1

The Incas built a ceremonial city on the site that included palaces, temples, storage rooms, baths, and houses,
all constructed from heavy blocks of granite fitted precisely together.

Answer 1

constructed

fitted precisely together

Question 2

Although little is known about the activities that took place in the
ancient city, it appears that one of its functions was as an astronomical
observatory.

Answer 2

although little is known about…. , it appears that one of its functions was as……….

Question 3

The spectacular natural setting, the wonders of architectural and engineering skills embodied in the well-preserved buildings, and the mysteries of the ancient culture draw thousands of tourists from around
the world every year.

Answer 3

spectacular 
wonders of
embody: represent
well-preserved 
mysteries
draw: attract

Question 4

The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu,
used by hikers today, was likely considered a sacred route in its time.
used by travelers making pilgrimages to that ceremonial site.

Answer 4

was likely considered a sacred route in its time
sacred: connected with God or a god; considered to be holy
a sacred image/shrine/temple
pilgrimages: a journey to a holy place for religious reasons
to go on/make a pilgrimageزیارت

Question 5

However, the trip has become so popular that in 2005. the Peruvian government instituted a set of restrictions on the use of the trail.
To protect the natural environment and preserve the ruins,

Answer 5

institute: to start, put in place
a set of restrictions on ..
to protect 
preserve
ruins خرابه

Question 6

Machu Picchu is an ancient 1 . . . . . . . . city in the Andes Mountains of Peru. It was rediscovered by an 2 . . . . . . . . . . in 1 9 1 1 . It is not precisely clear how the ancient Inca used the site, but experts believe that at least some of its 3 . . . . . . . . . . pertained to astronomy. The wonders of Machu Picchu 4 . . . . . . . . . . visitors from all around the world. Many visitors like to reach
the site by hiking the Inca Trail, part of a 5 . . . . . . . . . . of trails originally made by the ancient Inca. This is a trip for 6 . . . . . . . . . . people. Along the
way, hikers can enjoy many 7 . . . . . . . . . . such as spectacular views and
interesting flowers and birds. Because such large numbers of people use
the Inca Trail, the Peruvian government has had to take steps to 8 . . . . . . . . . . the ruins and the environment. It has instituted a number of
restrictions as well as fees. Because of this, hiking the trail has become
an expensive 9 . . . . . . . . . . that many people cannot afford.

Answer 6

1)ceremonial
2)archeologist
3)functions
4)draw
5)network
6)adventurous
7)marvels
8)preserve
9)luxury
rediscovered
precisely clear
pertain to: to be connected with something/somebody
take steps to preserve the ruins

Question 7

After returning from a week of
hiking in the mountains, we
luxuriated in the comfort of
our beds

Answer 7

luxuriate in sth

comfort of bed