Unit2 Lesson1

Question 1

Market Revolution

Answer 1

When America went from an agraian based economy to an industrial based economy focused on manufacturing goods for global markets.

Question 2

The Industrial Revolution

Answer 2

A fundanmental change in the way goods were produced; large scale manufacturing in factories replaced farming as the main form of work.

Question 3

Factory

Answer 3

Place where workers and machines are brought together to produce large quantities of goods.

Question 4

Lowell Mills, Lowell Girls

Answer 4

• First factories in America were textile mills in New Englang, due to availability of rivers!
• Lowell hired women to work in factories, and had them live in company-owned boarding houses.
• They worked over 12 hours over a day in deafening noise.
• Most women worked for only a few years until they married.

Question 5

How cloth were made in Lowell Mills?

Answer 5

1. Moving water turns a wheel, which powers the machines through a system of gears and belts.
2. Carding and drawing machines straighten raw cotton fibers and twist them loosely.
3. Spinning machines spin the fibers into yarn, or thread.
4. Power looms weave yarn into cloth.

Question 6

Why new energy is important?

Answer 6

New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery.
* Steam Engine replaced need for water

Question 7

What help grew the west’s logging and mining industries?

Answer 7

Increased use of raw materals such as metals, minerals, and lumber.

Question 8

What is Henry Clay’s American System?

Answer 8

• An economic policy to promote industry in the US by
  1. National Bank
  2. High tariff
  3. Internal improvements
• Goal: To connect the different regions of the country and strengthen the US economy.

Question 9

Transportation Revolution

Answer 9

• National Roads.
• Watch the video to add more here

Question 10

First turnpike in America?

Answer 10

Lancaster Turnpike (1790) is the first turnpike in America to connect Philadelphia to Lancaster.

Question 11

First national road?

Answer 11

Cumberland Road (1811) is the first national road from Maryland to Missouri.

Question 12

Canal System?

Answer 12

Canal System (1825): series of canals built to connect Eastern cities to the West.

Question 13

Transportation Revolution

Answer 13

• 19th century gave rise to Transportation Revolution: a period of rapid growth in new means of transportation.
• Business boomed as shipping costs and time was reduced.
• Fulton’s Steamboat improved transportation (1807)
• Steam-powered locomotive developed in Great Britain and came to the US in 1815.

Question 14

How is communication improved?

Answer 14

• By 1830, Samuel Morse’s Telegraph increased the speed of communication between great distances by transmitting electrical signals over a wire that connected stations.
• He also developed Morese Code which assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the alphabet to allow for more complex messages.

Question 15

First wave of Immigration to America

Answer 15

• First wave of immigration to America happened from 1830’s - 1860’s.
• Primarily English-speaking immigrants from Great Britain, Ireland, and Germany, some from China to work on new railroads.
• Irish Potato Famine: a period of starvation and sickness in ireland due to a fungal disease in potatoes.
• Workers and immigrants were drawn to factory work, which leand to the growth of cities.

Question 16

New Equipment?

Answer 16

• John Deere’s Steel Plow was lightweight, with a steel edge - more effective.
• McCormick’s grain reaper, made harvesting easy & efficient
• Whitney’s Interchangeable Parts - identical, machine - made parts
• Mass Production: producing large numbers of identical goods
• Made repairs easy to complete by unskilled workers

Question 17

What is Cotton Gin?

Answer 17

• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin mde the process to clean cotton easier: went from cleaning 1 pound of cotton to 50 pounds per day per person.
• Peculiar Institution: Institution of Slavery in America

Question 18

Slavery

Answer 18

• Plantation: a large property where crops were grown and harvested by slave labor.
• Second Middle Passage: the sale of enslaved people within the United States to the Deep South.
• Cotton became an extremely profitable commodity, as plantation owners did not pay enslaved people for their work: they were owned as property
• Families were separated; enslaved were provided bare minimum to stay alive.

Question 19

The Peculiar Institution

Answer 19

• Peculiar Institution: The name given to slavery in America
• Focus:
  1. How were enslaved people treated?
  2. How did they resist?