Unit3-Chapter 2: Population and Health Flashcards
Carrying capacity
This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, habitat, water and other life infrastructure present. This is important because it tells how many people an area will be able to support.
Census
an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.
Cohort
Population of various age categories in a population pyramid. This is important because this can tell what state this country it is whether in Stage 3 or Stage 5 in the demographic transition model.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
the number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.
Demography
the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.
Demographic momentum
Is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.
Demographic transition model
refers to the model that shows the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. Stage 1 is low growth, Stage 2 is High Growth, Stage 3 is Moderate Growth, and Stage 4 is Low Growth, and Stage 5 although not officially a stage is a possible stage that includes zero or negative population growth.
Dependency ratio
The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years. This is important because this tells how many people each worker supports. For example the larger population of dependents, the greater financial burden on those who are working to support those who cannot.
Doubling time
the period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time.
Ecumene
a term used by geographers to mean inhabited land. It generally refers to land where people have made their permanent home, and to all work areas that are considered occupied and used for agricultural or any other economic purpose.
Epidemic
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
Epidemiological transition model
a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment, followed by a re-leveling of population growth from subsequent declines in fertility rates.
Infant mortality rate
the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
J-curve
This is when the projection population show exponential growth; sometimes shape as a j-curve. This is important because if the population grows exponentially our resource use will go up exponentially and so will our use as well as a greater demand for food and more.
