Unit_3_APES

Question 1

What are protons

Answer 1

Positive charge, in the nucleus, determine (along with neutrons) the mass of the atom

Question 2

What are Neutrons

Answer 2

No charge, located in the nucleus, determine mass of atom (along with protons)

Question 3

What are Electrons

Answer 3

Negative charge, located in orbitals around the nucleus. They determine what chemical bonds the atom will form

Question 4

What are Molecules

Answer 4

Made up of two or more atoms

Question 5

What three elements primarily make up air?

Answer 5

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide

Question 6

Potential Energy is…

Answer 6

Stored with an objects position or chemical structure

Question 7

Kinetic energy

Answer 7

Energy in motion

Question 8

What is electromagnetic energy?

Answer 8

Kinetic energy with the ability to travel through space as waves

Question 9

Explain Ultraviolet radiation

Answer 9

Can penetrate living tissue and cause damage; it’s visible by some species

Question 10

Explain visuals radiation

Answer 10

Range of wavelengths detectable by human eye

Question 11

Explain infrared radiation

Answer 11

Heat energy visible to some nocturnal species

Question 12

How do plants gain mass

Answer 12

Through photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air and converted to sugars using sunlight for energy

Question 13

How do animals and fungi gain energy?

Answer 13

Cell respiration. The food they ingest provides both energy and matter needed for growth

Question 14

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 14

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changes form

Ex. Food chains

Question 15

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 15

During every transformation, some energy is given off as heat

Question 16

What is Gross Primary Productivity? (GPP)

Answer 16

The total amount of energy producers capture from the sun

Question 17

Why is cell respiration important?

Answer 17

Most energy is lost as heat and plants preform cell respiration to maintain itself

Question 18

What is the Net Primary Producivity (NPP)

Answer 18

The remaining output of energy that is stored as leaves, fruit, stems or its roots

Question 19

Explain the biogeochemical cycle

Answer 19

Elements move between living as non living parts of the ecosystem as part of this process.

Processes: move the element

Sinks: absorb the element

Sources: release the element

Question 20

Water cycle: codensation

Answer 20

Water vapor cools and becomes liquid water

Question 21

Water cycle: precipitation

Answer 21

Liquid water falls form the atmosphere

Question 22

Water cycle: run off

Answer 22

Moves water across land towards river, lake or ocean

Question 23

Water cycle: infiltration

Answer 23

Water sleeps down through the soil

Question 24

Water cycle: uptake

Answer 24

Plants absorb water through their roots

Question 25

Water cycle: evaporation

Answer 25

Liquid water is heated to water vapor

Question 26

Carbon cycle: exchange

Answer 26

Co2 moves back and forth between the ocean and atmosphere

Question 27

Carbon cycle: burial

Answer 27

Carbon entered the earths crust, eventually becoming a mineral or fossil fuel

Question 28

Carbon cycle: combustion

Answer 28

Burning plant matter and fossil fuels

Question 29

Carbon cycle: photosynthesis

Answer 29

Producing sugars by absorbing Co2 and sunlight

Question 30

Carbon cycle: respiration

Answer 30

Metabolizing sugars as energy source, releasing Co2

Question 31

Nitrogen Cycle: Biotic Fixation

Answer 31

Nitrogen gas is converted to solid ammonium by soil bacteria

Question 32

Nitrogen cycle: assimilation

Answer 32

Producers absorb nh4 or nh3 from the soil through their roots

Question 33

Nitrogen cycle: Abiotic Fixation

Answer 33

Nitrogen gas is converted to solid nitrates by lightning or synthetic production

Question 34

Nitrogen cycle: Ammonification

Answer 34

Decomposes break down organic matter into ammonium

Question 35

Nitrogen cycle: nitrification

Answer 35

Soil bacteria convert ammunition into nitrates and nitrites

Question 36

Nitrogen cycle: Denitrification

Answer 36

Soil bacteria convert nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas

Question 37

Nitrogen cycle: leaching

Answer 37

Percolating water dissolves soil nitrogen and carries it away

Question 38

Phosphorus cycle: weathering

Answer 38

Water breaks down rock and releases phosphates into soil, rivers, lakes, ocean

Question 39

Phosphorus cycle: Mining

Answer 39

Phosphates are removed from underground minerals to make fertilizer

Question 40

Sulfur cycle: acid precipitation

Answer 40

Sulfate from combustion and volcanic eruptions mixes with water vapor, forming sulfuric acid