Units 4-5 Socialization and Criminology

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

behavior straying from social norms
(Examples: Consenting to Harm, Monks)

Question 2

3 Types of Deviance

Answer 2

1) Sin
2) Crime
3) Poor Taste

Question 3

Social Norms

Answer 3

Societies regular/expected behavior
(Vary by place, relationship, age, culture)

Question 4

Socialization

Answer 4

learning to conform to social norms
(2 types: internal & external)

Question 5

Internal Socialization

Answer 5

believing social norms as right/wrong

Question 6

External Socialization

Answer 6

following social norms to appease others

Question 7

Social Control

Answer 7

how society controls behavior
(2 types: informal & formal)

Question 8

Informal Social Control

Answer 8

taught things that stick w/ us (taught morals)
(imposed by teachers, parents, friends, etc)

Question 9

Formal Social Control

Answer 9

regulating society through government
(ex. punishments, tax breaks, rewards)

Question 10

Types of Social Control (4)

Answer 10

1) Penal (punish deviant)
2) Compensatory (compensate victim)
3) Therapeutic (heal deviant)
4) Conciliatory (resolve dispute)

Question 11

Medical Model of Deviance

Answer 11

theory that deviant behavior is a disease

Question 12

Social Disorganization Theory (Chicago Model)

Answer 12

Community factors contribute to crime rates (poverty, breakdown of social institutions, high resident turnover)

Question 13

Social Band Theory

Answer 13

crime occurs when societal bonds are broken (fam, friends, community)

Question 14

Concentric Zone Model (5)

Answer 14

1) Central business district
2) Transitional zone
3) Working class zone
4) Residential zone
5) Commuter Zone

Question 15

Characteristics of Transitional Zone

Answer 15

-zone 2
-immigrant groups
-deteriorating housing
-factories
-abandoned housing

Question 16

Characteristics of Working Class Zone

Answer 16

-zone 3
-single family tenements

Question 17

Characteristics of Residential Zone

Answer 17

-zone 4
-single family homes
-yards/garages

Question 18

Characteristics of Commuter Zone

Answer 18

-zone 5
-suburbs
-rich ppl who commute

Question 19

Gentrification (def)

Answer 19

wealthy people changing poor urban areas (through housing, jobs, etc)

Question 20

Anomie

Answer 20

society lacks social norms
(Strain Theory & Delinquent Theory)

Question 21

Strain Theory

Answer 21

norms lack because societies goals cannot be acheived

Question 22

Delinquent Theory

Answer 22

deviant norms form

Question 23

Labeling Theory

Answer 23

self identifying by label given by society (self-fulfilling prophecy)

Question 24

Criminology

Answer 24

scientific study of why people commit crimes

Question 25

Positivist Criminology

Answer 25

outside forces influence crime (ex. biological, psychological, sociological)

Question 26

Demonology

Answer 26

blames crime on demonic possession (used when church and state were intertwined)

Question 27

Atavism

Answer 27

blames crime on genetics (crime driving gene) (phrenology and somatotypes)

Question 28

Phrenology

Answer 28

determine criminals by head shape

Question 29

Somatotypes

Answer 29

determine criminals by body type

Question 30

Classical Criminology

Answer 30

people choose to commit crimes (free will)

Question 31

Rational Choice Theory

Answer 31

deviance based on free will (uses strategic thinking & risk vs reward)

Question 32

Routine Activities Theory

Answer 32

3 circumstances must coincide for deviance to occur 1) motivated offender 2) suitable target 3) lack of capable guardians

Question 33

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 33

(Freud) psychological drives explain human behavior (conscious, preconscious, unconscious) (Id, Superego, Ego)

Question 34

Differential Association

Answer 34

criminal behavior is learned (through observation, punishment/reward)

Question 35

Neutralization Theory (6)

Answer 35

criminals justifying crimes 1) justify w/ excuses 2) denial of responsibility 3) denial of injury 4) denial of victim 5) condemnation of condemners 6) appeal to higher loyalties

Question 36

Critical Criminology

Answer 36

(Conflict Crim) focuses on oppression of the lower class by elites

Question 37

Marxist Criminology

Answer 37

more crime/enforcement and higher sentences for lower class

Question 38

Feminist Criminology

Answer 38

crime/law is slanted against women

Question 39

Peace Making Criminology

Answer 39

traditional punishments make crime worse (we should focus on communication, forgiveness, & rehab)

Question 40

Definitions of Justice (4)

Answer 40

1) Vigilantism 2) Individual Justice 3) Procedural Justice: laws fairly enforced 4) Social Justice: certain groups are under represented