Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CRJU > Units 6 + 11 > Flashcards

Units 6 + 11 Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name the 8 types justice…

A

1) procedural
2) social
3) individual
4) distributive
5) commutative
6) utilitarian
7) retributive
8) restorative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Procedural justice (def)

A

Laws are fairly enforced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Social justice (def)

A

Focus on equality
- believes some groups are under represented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Individual justice (def)

A

Justice on a case-by-case basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Distributive justice (def)

A

Belief you get what you deserve
- focus on fair outcomes
- distributes resourses fairly ( prisons, police, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Commutative justice (def)

A

Proportionality; eye for eye
- how severe was the crime?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Utilitarian justice (def)

A

Cost/benefit analysis
- what’s best for society?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retributive justice (def)

A

Punishment must be unpleasant
- believes criminals deserve what they get

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Restorative justice (def)

A

Restores victim and criminal to how they were before the crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanical model

A

(Assembly line) efficient legal process w/out discretion
- process (quantity) over outcome
-low emphasis on individual and society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Authoritarian

A

Compliance w/ authority
- outcome over process
-low emphasis on individual
-High emphasis on society as defined by authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compassionate model

A

Correcting individual reasons for criminal behavior
- focus on prevention and rehabilitation
- low emphasis on society
- high emphasis on individual (help offender)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Participatory model

A

(Mutialization) focuses on society and individual
- ex. Community policing (humanization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Formal social control

A

Imposed control by govt. punishment
- ex. modern police system
- enforces law
- maintains peace w/ reasonable force and discretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nights watch

A

(US) people wandered the streets at night and yelled at criminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Slave patrols

A

(South US) ensured slaves were where were they were supposed to be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Metropolitan police dept.

A
  • Also known as Scotland Yard
  • first established police dept.
  • founded by Robert peel
  • bobbies = cops in England
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Policing random need to knows
- first US police station
- Mounties?
- US Marshals job?

A
  • (US) Organized police formed in Boston
  • (Canada) Mounties: patrolled horseback
  • US Marshals: collected criminals when tasked
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Professional era characteristics

A
  • (Def) less political influence lead to more professionalism
    Lead to…
  • Military hierarchy
  • specialized tasks
  • ethical standards
  • Internal affairs
  • actual training
  • less community interaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 characteristcs of community problem solving era
(and examples)

A

1) crime prevention
- crime analysis, after school program
2) community policing
- community action groups, foot patrol, substations
3) militarization of police
- body armor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Styles of policing (3)

A

1) watchman style
2) legalistic style
3) service style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Watchman style policing

A
  • Passive/reactive
  • keeps the peace
  • finds alternatives to arrests and incarceration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Legalistic style

A
  • enforce all laws
  • little to no discretion
  • broken windows theory
  • zero tolerance theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Broken windows theory

A

Cracks down on crimes that cause social decay
Ex. Petty theft, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Zero tolerance theory
If you commit a crime you will be punished
26
Service style
Focus on discretion for most appropriate response - can include arrests w/ force - on rise w/ community problem
27
Organization of law enforcement
- Decentralized and fragmented - federal (FBI, DEA, ATF) - State (state police) - local (police dept., sheriffs office) - specialized (agencies, military, universities)
28
Courtroom participants (6)
- Judges - juries - prosecutors - clerk - bailiffs - defense attorneys
29
Court processes (6)
1) initial appearance - probable cause for arrest - right to council - bail 2) arraignment (plea) 3) discovery (exchange info) 4) plea bargaining 5) pretrial motions 6) trial
30
Trial courts
Typical courts we think of - includes district and circuit courts *we are in the 4th circuit and western district
31
Appellate courts
Panel of judges hear legal appeals (no witnesses) - ex. Supreme Court - appellate courts > circuit court > Supreme Court
32
Federal courts
- Us courts (govt.) - includes trial and appellate courts
33
Specialized courts
Handles specific issues - ex. Bankruptcy, tax court, FISC
34
Corrections Stats -$ Spent on corrections? - # on probation/parole - # in prison - # in jail
$86 billion 4.5 million 1.5 million 740,000 inmates
35
Incarceration Rates - US rate? - average rate?
US incarceration: 716/100,000 people Average: 54% of the world has less than 150/100,000 people incarcerated
36
Theories of Punishment (5) & Definitions
1) Incapacitation: get crime off streets 2) Specific Deterrence: individually stop the crime (by punishing criminal) 3) General Deterrence: deters society (b/c they see the potential punishment) 4) Rehabilitation: changes future criminal behaviors 5) Retribution: revenge, victim is content b/c criminal is punished
37
Recidivism (Def) & 2 stats
new crimes committed by repeat offenders -77% from state prisons = rearrested - 42% from federal prisons = rearrested
38
Colonial Era Punishments (5 examples)
1) fines 2) beatings 3) banishment 4) public shaming 5) death
39
Jail VS Prison
Jail: incarceration while awaiting trial, less than 1 year -usually for misdemeanors Prison: incarceration for 1+ years -usually for felonys
40
Alternatives to Incarceration (4) & Definitions
1) Probation: monitored life outside of prison, can lead to jail time if violated 2) Parole: monitored early release/suspended sentence 3) Halfway House: live with other offenders, get counseling/edu 4) House Arrest: electronically monitored
41
Just World
belief that we live in a world where people get what they deserve
42
Exoneration
situation where a person convicted of a crime is excused for legal consequences after discovering innocence
43
Vigilante Justice
occurs when individuals bypass the criminal justice system and resolve conflict by taking the law into their own hands
44
Ideology Ideological Justice
Ideology: world view a person subscribes to Ideological Justice: society will not be able to achieve justice until policies are enacted that support their desired ideology
45
Discourse Perspective Justice
discourse in which the public reaches consensus on what is/isn't just
46
Postmodernism
philosophical perspective holding that there are multiple equally valid realities
47
Veil of Ignorance
thought experiment in which people know nothing of their own background
48
Thin Blue Line
division between police and public stemming from limited contact -"Us vs Them" mentality
49
De-Escalation
a police technique used to defuse potentially dangerous situations
50
Hot Spots Policing
crime prevention strategy that involves placing officers where crime is located
51
Community Oriented Policing
a policing strategy used to foster a positive relationship between community and police
52
Problem Oriented Policing
designed to help police identify and respond to the root causes of crime
53
Compstat
policing strategy that integrates crime data and crime mapping to analyze crime patterns
54
Adjudication
formal legal process for resolving legal disputes in court
55
Jurisdiction
authority given to a court to hear a particular dispute -types: hierarchal, subject matter, and geographical
56
Courtroom Workgroup
working relationship that develops among court employees
57
Grand Jury
group of citizens impaneled to hear evidence presented by a prosecutor to determine probable cause (preliminary hearing)
58
Exculpatory Evidence
evidence that may be favorable to the defendant in a criminal trial
59
Motion
formal request for the court to make a specific ruling on any issue or question
60
Summons
court order that directs recipient to appear in court at a specific time/date -ex. jury duty
61
Peremptory Challenge
allows the prosecution or defense to excuse a potential jury member
62
Petit Jury
group of 12 jurors empaneled to hear particular criminal case
63
Indeterminate Sentencing
method in which a statute sets a broad range of permissible sentences for an offense - allows judge to choose sentencing time
64
Judicial Review
power of the courts to invalidate laws enacted by legislature
65
Legal Reasoning
the process by which judges make decisions about how to interpret and apply the law

CRJU (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions