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Microbiology > Units 6-7: Nonfermentative GNB And Curved GNB/Oxidase Positive Fermenters > Flashcards

Units 6-7: Nonfermentative GNB And Curved GNB/Oxidase Positive Fermenters Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 characteristics of Nonfermenters?

A
  • Oxidase testing is required

- Oxidation of sugars used for ID as opposed to fermentation of sugars

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2
Q

What is the number one isolated non-fermenter in clinical specimens?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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3
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Colony morphology

A

Blood Agar: shiny “mermaid scales” beta hemolytic

Mac-non-lactose fermenter, green pigment

Smalls like grapes or tortilla chips

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4
Q

4 pigments of pseudomonas and what causes them?

A
  1. Pyocyanin- blue green; unique to P. Aeruginosa
  2. Pyoverdin- green fluorescent
  3. Pyorubin- reddish brown
  4. Pyomelanin- brown/black

Linked to virulence factors

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5
Q

What KIA/TSI is expected with nonfermenters?

A

K/K

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6
Q

Pseudomonas fluoresens and Pseudomonas putida: colony morphology

A

Blood Agar- no distinct appearance

Produce pyoverdin

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7
Q

What is sometime found in baby formula or cosmetics?

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

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8
Q

Pseudomonas stutzeri: colony morphology

A

Blood Agar: Wrinkled, light yellow or brown

Non-fluorescent pseudomonad

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9
Q

What is the causative agent of glanders in horses?

A

Burkholderia mallei

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10
Q

What was used as a biowarfare agent in WWI?

A

Burkholderia mallei

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11
Q

Burkholderia mallei: colony morphology

A

Blood: Smooth gray translucent

Variable growth on MAC

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12
Q

Habitat and transmission of Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

Habitat: soil and stagnant water in SE Asia (“rice patty infection”

Transmission: inhalation of dust and direct contact through breaks in skin

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13
Q

What is a potential bioterrorist agent?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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14
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei: colony morphology

A

Blood: round wrinkled bright orange to cream

Grows well on MAC

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15
Q

What causes foot rot?

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

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16
Q

Why can Burkholderia cepacia complex be life threatening ?

A

Intrinsic resistance to multiple anti microbial agents

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17
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex: colony morphology

A

Yellow non-fluorescing pigment

Mac: Some can be pink to red due to oxidation of lactose

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18
Q

What are the two types of selective media for Burkholderia cepacia complex?

A

PC Agar

OFPBL Agar

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19
Q

What does PC Agar do?

A

Selects for Burkholderia cepacia complex

Inhibits PSA

Colonies look bright pink to red

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20
Q

What does OFPBL Agar do?

A

Selects for Burkholderia cepacia complex

Inhibits most microorganisms

Oxidation of lactose

Not routinely used, only in hospitals with CF patients

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21
Q

What opportunistic infections are CF populations specifically at risk for?

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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22
Q

What microorganism is often a contaminant?

A

Alcaligenes faecalis

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23
Q

Alcaligenes faecalis: colony morphology

A

Blood: Greenish

Fruity green apple odor

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24
Q

Achromobacter xylosoxidans: colony morphology

A

Blood: nonpigmented

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25
Q

What causes meningitis and septicemia in newborns?

A

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

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26
Q

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: colony morphology

A

Yellow pigment

Blood: Lavender-green discoloration

May produce a fruity

Grow poorly on MAC

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27
Q

Which nonfermentative GNBs are DNase POS?

A

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia

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28
Q

Which nonfermentative GNBs have Intrinsic resistance to multiple anti microbial agents

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia

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29
Q

Why can Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia be dangerous?

A

Instrinsic resistance to most commonly used antibiotics

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30
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia: reservoir

A

Salads
Tap water
colonization of hospital patients

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31
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia: colony morphology

A

Blood: greenish discoloration of agar

  • Pale yellow, avenger green
  • Strong ammonia smell
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32
Q

Which species is known to survive on moist/dry surfaces?

A

Acinetobacter species

33
Q

How likely is acinetobacter to cause infection?

A

Most likely to colonize and not infect but can cause opportunistic infection

34
Q

Acinetobacter species: Colony morphology

A

Blood: gray to white

Smells like rotting pumpkins

35
Q

What are the two acinetobacter species and what differentiates them on plates?

A

A. baumannii and A. iwoffi

A. baumannii oxidizes lactose on MAC–> mauve colonies at 24-48 hours

36
Q

Pseudomonas (Flaviomonas) oryzihabitans: colony morphology

A

Rough, wrinkled colonies
Yellow pigment
Non-fluorescent psuedomonad

37
Q

What is the only oxidase NEG Pseudomonas?

A

Pseudomonas (Flaviomonas) oryzihabitans

38
Q

Where are other Moraxella spp found?

A

Mucous membranes of humans and animals

URT normal flora

39
Q

Moraxella spp: colony morphology

A

Pinpoint

May grow slowly on MAC

40
Q

Moraxella spp: Gram stain

A

Tiny plump GNCB

41
Q

What differentiates other Moraxella species from M. catarrhalis ?

A

Other Moraxella spp are DNase NEG

42
Q

What are the two Oligella species? And how to you differentiate them?

A

O. ureolytica - Motility, Urease, Nitrate reduction POS

O. urethralis- Motility, Urease, Nitrate reduction NEG

43
Q

What do both Oligella species cause?

A

UTIs and septicemia in women

44
Q

Vibrio cholerae: gram stain

A

curved GNB

45
Q

Vibrio cholerae: colony morphology

A
  • Grows well on BAP,MAC and CHOC
  • Enhanced growth w/ 1% NaCl (TBCS)
  • Larger, sometimes greenish hue
  • Yellow on TCBS (sucrose ferm)
46
Q

Vibrio cholerae: Natural habitat and route of transmission

A

Water: fresh, marine, salt

Contaminated food and water

47
Q

Vibrio cholerae: Lab info

A
  • Samples sensitive to sunlight
  • Doesn’t need NaCl to grow
  • Cary-Blair medium
  • TCBS agar and APW
48
Q

Vibrio cholerae: Important reactions

A

Catalase pos
Oxidase pos
Glucose fermenters
Growth on MAC

Citrate POS

cholerae only: string test

49
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus: colony morphology

A
  • Grows well on BAP,MAC and CHOC
  • Enhanced growth w/ 1% NaCl (TBCS)
  • Larger, sometimes greenish hue
  • Blue/green on TCBS (sucrose neg)
50
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus: route of transmission

A
  • Japan
  • Ingestion of raw/undercooked seafood (inc. shellfish)
  • Direct contact with water
51
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus: lab info

A
  • Samples sensitive to sunlight
  • Needs NaCl to grow
  • Cary-Blair medium
  • TCBS agar and APW
52
Q

Campylobacter jejuni: gram stain and colony morphology

A
  • Curved GNB “s” or “v” shaped

- Gull shaped -Flat, moist, spready

53
Q

Campylobacter jejuni: Natural habitat and route of transmission

A

Worldwide: domestic animals, GI tract of chicken, turkeys, cattle and pigs

Ingestion of raw milk, uncooked poultry and contaminated water

54
Q

Campylobacter jejuni: Lab info

A
  • Thermophilic and capnophilic
  • harder to pin down epidemiologically
  • Campy CVA agar
  • 41-42°C, 85% N2, 10% CO2, 5% O2
55
Q

Campylobacter jejuni: Important tests

A
  • Oxidase pos
  • catalse pos
  • hippurate hydrolysis pos
56
Q

Helicobacter pylori: gram stain and colony morphology

A

Spiral shaped GNB

-Pinpoint

57
Q

Helicobacter pylori: Natural habitat and route of transmission

A

Epithelial cells in stomach

  • Contact with contaminated saliva
  • fresh ground water
58
Q

Helicobacter pylori: Lab info

A
  • Can withstand low pH and thrive
  • Does not grow well in lab setting
  • Brucella agar

-Stool ELISA (current infection)

59
Q

Helicobacter pylori: Important tests

A

Oxidase pos
Catalase pos
Urea POS+

-Breath test or card test within 7 hours pos

60
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila: gram stain and colony morphology

A

Small GNB

  • Grows well on MAC and BAP
  • Beta hem
61
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila: Natural habitat and route of transmission

A

Fresh and sea water: sink traps, drains, water taps, infects cold-blooded animals

-Wound infections through break in skin: water sports, caths, stents, etc

62
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila: Important tests

A

DNase positive
Oxidase pos

Esculin Pos

63
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides: gram stain and colony morphology

A

Small GNB

-Always gamma

64
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides: Natural habitat and route of transmission

A

Surface water and soil of tropical and subtropical areas, cold blooded animals

  • hand to mouth
  • Contaminated food (shellfish)
65
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides: Important tests

A

Oxidase positive

LAO all POS

66
Q

Vibrio parahemolytic vs Vibrio cholera

A

V. cholera ONPG, Citrate and VP POS

67
Q

Vibrio cholera: disease state

A
  • “rice water” stool: No WBCs and RBCs
  • Cholera toxin: protein complex secreted, responsible for the watery diarrhea
  • Need IV fluids and antibiotics
68
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus: disease state

A
  • Water/bloody diarrhea, fever headache, vomiting, and abdominal pain
  • 12 to 72 hours after exposure
  • Self clearing infection
69
Q

Campylobacter jejuni: disease state

A
  • Diarrhea with RBCs and WBCs, fever, cramping

- Seen 3-7 days symptoms

70
Q

Helicobacter pylori: Disease state

A

-Peptic ulcershigher risk for cancer

71
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila: Disease state

A

1) Cellulitis/wound infections
2) Gastroenteritis
3) Bacteremia
4) Others- endocarditis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, UTI, meningitis, otitis media

72
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides:

A

-Gastroenteritis: watery stool without RBCs and mucus; produces enterotoxin

73
Q

Which two nonfermentors are gelatinase POS?

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

74
Q

Which nonfermentors are ADH POS?

A

Pseudomonas (except stutzeri) and Burkholderias

75
Q

Which nonfermentor is LDC POS?

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

76
Q

Which nonfermentors cannot oxidase glucose or are variable?

A 
Neg: 
Alcaligenes faecalis
Acinetobacter lwoffi
V: 
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
77
Q

Which nonfermentors can oxidase lactose?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Acinetobacter baumannii

78
Q

positive for pyoverdin?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas putida

79
Q

Nonmotile?

A

Burkholderia mallei
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Acinetobacter (both)

Microbiology (11 decks)

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